Neural - Prosencephalon Development: Difference between revisions

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{{Neural Links}}
{{Neural Links}}
{{Neural Links 2}}
==Some Recent Findings==
==Some Recent Findings==
[[File:Mouse - forebrain Robo3 expression.jpg|thumb|Developing mouse forebrain Robo3 expression<ref><pubmed>19366869</pubmed>| [http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/suppl_1/i22.long Cereb Cortex.]
[[File:Mouse - forebrain Robo3 expression.jpg|thumb|Developing mouse forebrain Robo3 expression<ref><pubmed>19366869</pubmed>| [http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/suppl_1/i22.long Cereb Cortex.]
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* '''Development of laminar organization of the fetal cerebrum'''<ref><pubmed>20981415</pubmed></ref> "Heads of 131 fetal specimens of 14-40 weeks gestational age (GA) were scanned by 3.0T MRI. Eleven fetal specimens of 14-27 weeks GA were scanned by 7.0T MRI. On T(1)-weighted 3.0T MRI, layers could be visualized at 14 weeks GA and appeared clearer after 18 weeks GA. On 7.0T MRI, four zones could be recognized at 14 weeks GA. During 15-22 weeks GA, when laminar organization appeared typical, seven layers including the periventricular zone and external capsule fibers could be differentiated, which corresponded to seven zones in histological stained sections. At 23-28 weeks GA, laminar organization appeared less typical, and borderlines among them appeared obscured. After 30 weeks GA, it disappeared and turned into mature-like structures. The developing lamination appeared the most distinguishable at the parieto-occipital part of brain and peripheral regions of the hippocampus. The migrating thalamocortical afferents were probably delineated as a high signal layer located at the lower, middle, and upper part of the subplate zone at 16-28 weeks GA on T(1)-weighted 3.0T MRI."
* '''Development of laminar organization of the fetal cerebrum'''<ref><pubmed>20981415</pubmed></ref> "Heads of 131 fetal specimens of 14-40 weeks gestational age (GA) were scanned by 3.0T MRI. Eleven fetal specimens of 14-27 weeks GA were scanned by 7.0T MRI. On T(1)-weighted 3.0T MRI, layers could be visualized at 14 weeks GA and appeared clearer after 18 weeks GA. On 7.0T MRI, four zones could be recognized at 14 weeks GA. During 15-22 weeks GA, when laminar organization appeared typical, seven layers including the periventricular zone and external capsule fibers could be differentiated, which corresponded to seven zones in histological stained sections. At 23-28 weeks GA, laminar organization appeared less typical, and borderlines among them appeared obscured. After 30 weeks GA, it disappeared and turned into mature-like structures. The developing lamination appeared the most distinguishable at the parieto-occipital part of brain and peripheral regions of the hippocampus. The migrating thalamocortical afferents were probably delineated as a high signal layer located at the lower, middle, and upper part of the subplate zone at 16-28 weeks GA on T(1)-weighted 3.0T MRI."
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! More recent papers
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| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}


Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Prosencephalon+Embryology ''Prosencephalon Embryology'']
<pubmed limit=5>Prosencephalon Embryology</pubmed>
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== Development Overview ==
== Development Overview ==
Neuralation begins at the trilaminar embryo with formation of the notochord and somites, both of which underly the ectoderm and do not contribute to the nervous system, but are involved with patterning its initial formation. The central portion of the ectoderm then forms the neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, that will eventually form the entire central nervous system.
Neuralation begins at the trilaminar embryo with formation of the notochord and somites, both of which underly the ectoderm and do not contribute to the nervous system, but are involved with patterning its initial formation. The central portion of the ectoderm then forms the neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, that will eventually form the entire central nervous system.
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{{Template:Neural Table}}
{{Neural Table}}


==Primary Vesicles==
==Primary Vesicles==
[[File:Stage 13 image 098.jpg|thumb|300px|Brain primary vesicle development ([[Carnegie stage 13]])]]
[[File:Stage 13 image 098.jpg|thumb|300px|Brain primary vesicle development ([[Carnegie stage 13]])]]
[[Image:CNS primary vesicles.jpg|600px]]
[[Image:CNS primary vesicles.jpg|600px]]
==Additional Images==
===Historic===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! Human Embryology And Morphology (1921)
|-
| Keith, A. [[Book - Human Embryology and Morphology (1921)|'''Human Embryology And Morphology''']] (1921) Longmans, Green & Co.:New York.
[[Human Embryology and Morphology_9|9 Fore-Brain]] and [[Human Embryology and Morphology_10|10 Fore-Brain Cerebral Vesicles]]
<gallery>
File:Keith1921 fig094.jpg|Fig. 94. Brain of a Larval Fish primary form and relations of the fore-brain.
File:Keith1921 fig095.jpg|Fig. 95. The Brain of the Lamprey from above.
File:Keith1921 fig096.jpg|Fig. 96. Fore-Brain at the beginning and end of the 4th week.
File:Keith1921 fig097.jpg|Fig. 97. The Thalamencephalon towards the end of the 6th week.
File:Keith1921 fig098.jpg|Fig. 98. Embryonic Fore-Brain various parts linked to sensory tracts.
File:Keith1921 fig099.jpg|Fig. 99. Pituitary Body of a Human Foetus in the 5th month.
File:Keith1921 fig100.jpg|Fig. 100. Pineal Body and its commissure and ganglion.
File:Keith1921 fig101.jpg|Fig. 101. Pituitary Body of a Pup Dog-Fish.
File:Keith1921 fig102.jpg|Fig. 102. Development of the Pituitary.
File:Keith1921 fig103.jpg|Fig. 103. Pituitary Body of a Human Foetus at the beginning of the 4th month.
File:Keith1921 fig104.jpg|Fig. 104. The Pineal Gland and Sense Organ in a Lizard.
File:Keith1921 fig105.jpg|Fig. 105. Showing stages of development of the Pineal Body in the roof of the Fore-Brain
File:Keith1921 fig106.jpg|Fig. 106. Cerebral Vesicle and the formation of the Corpus Striatum on its floor, during the 6th week.
File:Keith1921 fig107.jpg|Fig. 107. Expansion of the left Cerebral Vesicle as seen on its lateral aspect.
File:Keith1921 fig108.jpg|Fig. 108. Fore- and Mid-Brain at the 6th week of development.
File:Keith1921 fig109.jpg|Fig. 109. 3rd and lateral Ventricles of the Adult.
File:Keith1921 fig110.jpg|Fig. 110. Turtle's Cerebral Vesicle and Primitive Mammalian Cerebrum.
File:Keith1921 fig111.jpg|Fig. 111. Differentiation of the Pallial Wall of the Cerebral Vesicle.
File:Keith1921 fig112.jpg|Fig. 112. Left Hemisphere of the Brain of a primitive vertebrate brain anterior to the Lamina Terminalis.
File:Keith1921 fig113.jpg|Fig. 113. Coronal section of the right half of the Cerebral Vesicle of a Primitive Type of Mammal.
File:Keith1921 fig114.jpg|Fig. 114. Lateral Aspect of the Cerebrum of a Primitive Mammal.
File:Keith1921 fig115.jpg|Fig. 115. The Anterior, Hippocampal and Callosal Commissures.
File:Keith1921 fig116.jpg|Fig. 116. Mesial Aspect of the Brain of a Human Foetus in 4th month.
File:Keith1921 fig117.jpg|Fig. 117. Mesial aspect of the Cerebral Vesicle of a Foetus about 3 months old.
File:Keith1921 fig118.jpg|Fig. 118. Structures formed in the Lamina Terminalis and Primitive Callosal Gyrus.
File:Keith1921 fig119.jpg|Fig. 119. Lateral Aspect of the Cerebral Hemisphere at the end of the 2nd month
File:Keith1921 fig120.jpg|Fig. 120. The same Aspect during the 5th month.
File:Keith1921 fig121.jpg|Fig. 121. The same Aspect during the 7th month.
File:Keith1921 fig122.jpg|Fig. 122. Opercula and Fissure of Sylvius.
File:Keith1921 fig123.jpg|Fig. 123. The Island of Reil and Fissures on the Lateral Aspect of the Brain of a dog-like Ape.
File:Keith1921 fig124.jpg|Fig. 124. The more common condition of the Island of Reil in Anthropoids.
File:Keith1921 fig125.jpg|Fig. 125. The Fissures on the Lateral Aspect of a typical Mammalian Brain.
File:Keith1921 fig126.jpg|Fig. 126. The Lateral Aspect of the Occipital Lobe of a Human Brain
File:Keith1921 fig127.jpg|Fig. 127. The Mesial Aspect of the Occipital Lobe of a Human Brain
File:Keith1921 fig128.jpg|Fig. 128. Arteries of the Brain end of the first month.
File:Keith1921 fig129.jpg|Fig. 129. The Primitive Vein of the Head and its tributaries in the 6th week
</gallery>
|}


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 18:26, 8 January 2015

Embryology - 29 Mar 2024    Facebook link Pinterest link Twitter link  Expand to Translate  
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Introduction

Stage10 sem6.jpg

Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system.

The early central nervous system begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects).

Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. This section covers the establishment of neural populations, the inductive influences of surrounding tissues and the sequential generation of neurons establishing the layered structure seen in the brain and spinal cord.

  • Neural development beginnings quite early, therefore also look at notes covering Week 3- neural tube and Week 4-early nervous system.
  • Development of the neural crest and sensory systems (hearing/vision/smell) are only introduced in these notes and are covered in other notes sections.


Neural Links: ectoderm | neural | neural crest | ventricular | sensory | Stage 22 | gliogenesis | neural fetal | Medicine Lecture - Neural | Lecture - Ectoderm | Lecture - Neural Crest | Lab - Early Neural | neural abnormalities | folic acid | iodine deficiency | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | neural postnatal | neural examination | Histology | Historic Neural | Category:Neural
Neural Parts: neural | prosencephalon | telencephalon cerebrum | amygdala | hippocampus | basal ganglia | diencephalon | epithalamus | thalamus | hypothalamus‎ | pituitary | pineal | mesencephalon | tectum | rhombencephalon | metencephalon | pons | cerebellum | myelencephalon | medulla oblongata | spinal cord | neural vascular | ventricular | lateral ventricles | third ventricle | cerebral aqueduct | fourth ventricle | central canal | meninges | Category:Ventricular System | Category:Neural

Some Recent Findings

Developing mouse forebrain Robo3 expression[1]
  • Development of laminar organization of the fetal cerebrum[2] "Heads of 131 fetal specimens of 14-40 weeks gestational age (GA) were scanned by 3.0T MRI. Eleven fetal specimens of 14-27 weeks GA were scanned by 7.0T MRI. On T(1)-weighted 3.0T MRI, layers could be visualized at 14 weeks GA and appeared clearer after 18 weeks GA. On 7.0T MRI, four zones could be recognized at 14 weeks GA. During 15-22 weeks GA, when laminar organization appeared typical, seven layers including the periventricular zone and external capsule fibers could be differentiated, which corresponded to seven zones in histological stained sections. At 23-28 weeks GA, laminar organization appeared less typical, and borderlines among them appeared obscured. After 30 weeks GA, it disappeared and turned into mature-like structures. The developing lamination appeared the most distinguishable at the parieto-occipital part of brain and peripheral regions of the hippocampus. The migrating thalamocortical afferents were probably delineated as a high signal layer located at the lower, middle, and upper part of the subplate zone at 16-28 weeks GA on T(1)-weighted 3.0T MRI."
More recent papers
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More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References

Search term: Prosencephalon Embryology

<pubmed limit=5>Prosencephalon Embryology</pubmed>

Development Overview

Neuralation begins at the trilaminar embryo with formation of the notochord and somites, both of which underly the ectoderm and do not contribute to the nervous system, but are involved with patterning its initial formation. The central portion of the ectoderm then forms the neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, that will eventually form the entire central nervous system.

Early developmental sequence: Epiblast - Ectoderm - Neural Plate - Neural groove and Neural Crest - Neural Tube and Neural Crest


Neural Tube Development
Neural Tube Primary Vesicles Secondary Vesicles Adult Structures
week 3 week 4 week 5 adult
neural plate
neural groove
neural tube

Brain
prosencephalon (forebrain) telencephalon Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, hippocampus, cerebrum (cortex), hypothalamus‎, pituitary | Basal Ganglia, lateral ventricles
diencephalon epithalamus, thalamus, Subthalamus, pineal, posterior commissure, pretectum, third ventricle
mesencephalon (midbrain) mesencephalon tectum, Cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct, pons
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) metencephalon cerebellum
myelencephalon medulla oblongata, isthmus
spinal cord, pyramidal decussation, central canal

Primary Vesicles

Brain primary vesicle development (Carnegie stage 13)

CNS primary vesicles.jpg


Additional Images

Historic

Human Embryology And Morphology (1921)
Keith, A. Human Embryology And Morphology (1921) Longmans, Green & Co.:New York.

9 Fore-Brain and 10 Fore-Brain Cerebral Vesicles

References

  1. <pubmed>19366869</pubmed>| Cereb Cortex.
  2. <pubmed>20981415</pubmed>

Reviews

<pubmed>19560042</pubmed> <pubmed>17275286</pubmed> <pubmed>17030124</pubmed> <pubmed>16418000</pubmed> <pubmed>12626695</pubmed> <pubmed>12461551</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed>11955708</pubmed> <pubmed>11803577</pubmed> <pubmed>11734354</pubmed> <pubmed>10473296</pubmed> <pubmed>10375509</pubmed> <pubmed>9810564</pubmed> <pubmed>1661870</pubmed> <pubmed>4018406</pubmed>

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Prosencephalon Embryology | Prosencephalon Development |


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Neural - Prosencephalon Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Prosencephalon_Development

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G