Neural - Metencephalon Development: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Stage10_sem6.jpg|right|150px]] | [[File:Stage10_sem6.jpg|right|150px]] | ||
Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system. | Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system. The early central nervous system begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects). | ||
The early central nervous system begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects) | |||
The midbrain/hindbrain boundary (MHB, isthmic organizer) is a secondary organizer region lying at the junction of the Mesencephalon and Metencephalon. | |||
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* '''Early mesencephalon/metencephalon patterning and development of the cerebellum'''<ref><pubmed>9509514</pubmed></ref> "Fate mapping studies in chick have shown that at early stages the cerebellum derives from cells in the mesencephalon and metencephalon (mes-met). Transplantation studies in chick have implicated the mes-met junction (isthmus) as a source of secreted factors that organize development of the entire mes-met, perhaps by stimulating proliferation and specifying positional values across the region. Fgf-8 has been implicated as a major factor involved in the isthmus organizing activity. Gene expression studies indicate that the anterior and posterior expression domains of the homeobox genes Otx-2 and Gbx-2, respectively, are the earliest indication of a division of the brain." | * '''Early mesencephalon/metencephalon patterning and development of the cerebellum'''<ref><pubmed>9509514</pubmed></ref> "Fate mapping studies in chick have shown that at early stages the cerebellum derives from cells in the mesencephalon and metencephalon (mes-met). Transplantation studies in chick have implicated the mes-met junction (isthmus) as a source of secreted factors that organize development of the entire mes-met, perhaps by stimulating proliferation and specifying positional values across the region. Fgf-8 has been implicated as a major factor involved in the isthmus organizing activity. Gene expression studies indicate that the anterior and posterior expression domains of the homeobox genes Otx-2 and Gbx-2, respectively, are the earliest indication of a division of the brain." | ||
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! More recent papers | ! More recent papers | ||
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| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} |
Latest revision as of 19:16, 25 July 2017
Embryology - 28 Mar 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system. The early central nervous system begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects).
The midbrain/hindbrain boundary (MHB, isthmic organizer) is a secondary organizer region lying at the junction of the Mesencephalon and Metencephalon.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Metencephalon Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Metencephalon Embryology</pubmed> |
Development Overview
Neuralation begins at the trilaminar embryo with formation of the notochord and somites, both of which underly the ectoderm and do not contribute to the nervous system, but are involved with patterning its initial formation. The central portion of the ectoderm then forms the neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, that will eventually form the entire central nervous system.
- Early developmental sequence: Epiblast - Ectoderm - Neural Plate - Neural groove and Neural Crest - Neural Tube and Neural Crest
Neural Tube | Primary Vesicles | Secondary Vesicles | Adult Structures |
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week 3 | week 4 | week 5 | adult |
prosencephalon (forebrain) | telencephalon | Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, hippocampus, cerebrum (cortex), hypothalamus, pituitary | Basal Ganglia, lateral ventricles | |
diencephalon | epithalamus, thalamus, Subthalamus, pineal, posterior commissure, pretectum, third ventricle | ||
mesencephalon (midbrain) | mesencephalon | tectum, Cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct, pons | |
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) | metencephalon | cerebellum | |
myelencephalon | medulla oblongata, isthmus | ||
spinal cord, pyramidal decussation, central canal |
Early Brain Vesicles
Primary Vesicles
Secondary Vesicles
References
Reviews
<pubmed>19206138</pubmed>
Articles
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Metencephalon Embryology | Metencephalon Development |
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Neural - Metencephalon Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Metencephalon_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G