Neural - Epithalamus Development: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
The uppermost portion of the diencephalon that includes the trigonum habenulae, the pineal body, the posterior commissure, and the medullary layers of thalamus. | The uppermost portion of the diencephalon that includes the trigonum habenulae (habenula), the [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|pineal]] (gland or body), the posterior commissure, and the medullary layers of thalamus. | ||
The adult habenular nuclei acts as a neural relay system, connecting the forebrain with the brain stem. The function appears to be to regulate cognitive behaviors by modulating a range of transmitter system (cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic) activities. | |||
{| | {| | ||
| [[File:pineal-body.jpg|400px]] | | [[File:pineal-body.jpg|400px|link=Endocrine_-_Pineal_Development]] | ||
| [[File:Pineal gland position.jpg|400px]] | | [[File:Pineal gland position.jpg|400px|link=Endocrine_-_Pineal_Development]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Adult pineal body''' (mid-sagittal section view) | | '''Adult pineal body''' (mid-sagittal section view) | ||
| '''Pineal gland position''' (dorsolateral view) | | '''Pineal gland position''' (dorsolateral view) | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{Neural Links}} | {{Neural Links}} | ||
{{Neural Links 2}} | |||
==Some Recent Findings== | |||
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* Pitx2c ensures habenular asymmetry by restricting parapineal cell number<ref><pubmed>24598158</pubmed></ref> "Left-right (L/R) asymmetries in the brain are thought to underlie lateralised cognitive functions. Understanding how neuroanatomical asymmetries are established has been achieved through the study of the zebrafish epithalamus. ...We provide evidence suggesting that antagonism between Nodal and Pitx2c activities sets an upper limit on parapineal cell numbers. We conclude that restricting parapineal cell number is crucial for the correct elaboration of epithalamic asymmetry." | |||
* '''A neuronal migratory pathway crossing from diencephalon to telencephalon populates amygdala nuclei'''<ref><pubmed>20495559</pubmed></ref> "Neurons usually migrate and differentiate in one particular encephalic vesicle. We identified a murine population of diencephalic neurons that colonized the telencephalic amygdaloid complex, migrating along a tangential route that crosses a boundary between developing brain vesicles. The diencephalic transcription factor OTP was necessary for this migratory behavior." | |||
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! More recent papers | |||
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| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | |||
Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Epithalamus+Embryology ''Epithalamus Embryology''] | |||
<pubmed limit=5>Epithalamus Embryology</pubmed> | |||
Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Epithalamus+Development ''Epithalamus Development''] | |||
<pubmed limit=5>Epithalamus Development</pubmed> | |||
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{{Neural Table}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Chapter 7. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/endocrin/A1257/#A1456 The pineal gland and melatonin] | ===Textbooks=== | ||
* '''Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach.''' Nussey, S and Saffron Whitehead, S. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2001. Chapter 7. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/endocrin/A1257/#A1456 The pineal gland and melatonin] | |||
===Search PubmMed=== | |||
{{Glossary}} | {{Glossary}} | ||
{{Footer}} | {{Footer}} |
Revision as of 07:21, 26 May 2015
Embryology - 24 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The uppermost portion of the diencephalon that includes the trigonum habenulae (habenula), the pineal (gland or body), the posterior commissure, and the medullary layers of thalamus.
The adult habenular nuclei acts as a neural relay system, connecting the forebrain with the brain stem. The function appears to be to regulate cognitive behaviors by modulating a range of transmitter system (cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic) activities.
Adult pineal body (mid-sagittal section view) | Pineal gland position (dorsolateral view) |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Epithalamus Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Epithalamus Embryology</pubmed> Search term: Epithalamus Development <pubmed limit=5>Epithalamus Development</pubmed> |
Neural Tube | Primary Vesicles | Secondary Vesicles | Adult Structures |
---|---|---|---|
week 3 | week 4 | week 5 | adult |
prosencephalon (forebrain) | telencephalon | Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, hippocampus, cerebrum (cortex), hypothalamus, pituitary | Basal Ganglia, lateral ventricles | |
diencephalon | epithalamus, thalamus, Subthalamus, pineal, posterior commissure, pretectum, third ventricle | ||
mesencephalon (midbrain) | mesencephalon | tectum, Cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct, pons | |
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) | metencephalon | cerebellum | |
myelencephalon | medulla oblongata, isthmus | ||
spinal cord, pyramidal decussation, central canal |
References
Textbooks
- Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach. Nussey, S and Saffron Whitehead, S. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2001. Chapter 7. The pineal gland and melatonin
Search PubmMed
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 24) Embryology Neural - Epithalamus Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Epithalamus_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G