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<center>[[Image:BrauneB1.jpg|600px]]</center>
<center>[[Image:BrauneB1.jpg|600px]]</center>
<center>Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (Wilhelm Braune, Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas, 1872)</center>
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
{|
| col width=500px|Embryology is a cornerstone of both Medical Education for medical students and Developmental Biology for science students. In this presentation I will explore how the teaching of Embryology has evolved in our Medical School with the entry into the digital age and the expansion of new teaching and research techniques.


Embryology is a cornerstone of both Medical Education for medical students and Developmental Biology for science students. In this presentation I will explore how the teaching of Embryology has evolved in our Medical School with the entry into the digital age and the expansion of new teaching and research techniques.


This entire presentation will remain available online if you would like to explore in your own time!
This entire presentation will remain available online if you would like to explore in your own time!
|
'''Seminar Summary'''
# Historic background
# Embryo staging and collections
# Previous teaching techniques
# Online education
# Medicine
# Science
# Questions
|}


==Long Ago==
==Early History==


===Anatomies===
===Anatomies===
(16<sup>th</sup> to 18<sup>th</sup> century)
(16<sup>th</sup> to 18<sup>th</sup> century)


[[File:Spiegel1626_table07.jpg|600px]]
Placenta and Fetus (Spiegel and Casseri, ''De formato foetu liber singularis'', 1626)


{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Example Anatomies
|-
| bgcolor="white"|
[[Embryology_History_-_17th_and_18th_Century_Anatomies|17th and 18th Century Anatomies]]
[[Embryology_History_-_17th_and_18th_Century_Anatomies|17th and 18th Century Anatomies]]


===Galletti Models Models===
'''Spiegel and Casseri''' - ''De formato foetu liber singularis'' (1626) Published posthumously by Spigelius' son-in-law, the physician Liberalis L. Crema of Padua.
 
<gallery>
File:Spiegel1626_table05.jpg|Table 5 Placenta Fetal and Maternal Side
File:Spiegel1626_table05fig1.jpg|Table 5 Fig. 1 Placenta Fetal Side
File:Spiegel1626_table05fig2.jpg|Table 5 Fig. 2 Placenta Maternal Side
File:Spiegel1626_table07.jpg|Table 7 Placenta and Fetus
</gallery>
 
'''Govard Bidloo''' - ''Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams'', Amsterdam: By de weduwe van Joannes van Someren, de erfgenaamen van Joannes van Dyk, Hendrik en de weduwe van Dirk Boom, 1690.
 
{|
| [[File:Bidloo1690 table57.jpg|400px]]
| [[File:Bidloo1690_table56.jpg|400px]]
|-
| Fetal Growth
| Fetus and Uterus
|}
 
'''William Smellie''' -  ''A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery'' (1754) He also helped develop the delivery forceps which by the late eighteenth century were a well-known standard obstetrical instrument. [[Embryology_History_-_William_Smellie#A_Set_of_Anatomical_Tables_with_Explanations|Set of Anatomical Tables]]
 
 
[[File:Smellie1754 table 10 twins.jpg|300px]]
 
Table 10 showing a twin pregnancy, from ''A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery'' (1754)
 
 
'''William Hunter''' - ''Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata'' = The anatomy of the human gravid uterus exhibited in figures (1774) [[Embryology History - William Hunter|William Hunter]]
 
<gallery>
File:William Hunter 1774 titlepage.jpg|Title page
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 11.jpg|Plate 11
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 12.jpg|Plate 12
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 13.jpg|Plate 13
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 16.jpg|Plate 16
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 20.jpg|Plate 20
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 23.jpg|Plate 23
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 26.jpg|Plate 26
File:William Hunter 1774 plate 27.jpg|Plate 27
</gallery>
 
'''Wilhelm Braune''' - Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas : nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern, Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp., 1867-1872. [[Book_-_An_Atlas_of_Topographical_Anatomy_(1877)|An Atlas of Topographical Anatomy (1877)]]
 
<gallery>
File:BrauneB1.jpg|Plate 29 and 30. Uterus and Fetus Position at Term
File:BrauneB2.jpg|Plate 29 and 30. Section through Uterus and Fetus
File:BrauneA1.jpg|Plate 29 and 30. Uterus without Fetus
File:BrauneC1.jpg|Plate  31. Uterus and Fetus Position at Birth
File:BrauneC3.jpg|Plate  31. Section through Uterus and Fetus
File:BrauneC2.jpg|Plate  31. Uterus without Fetus
</gallery>
|}
 
===Galletti Models===
(late 18<sup>th</sup> century)
(late 18<sup>th</sup> century)


Line 28: Line 101:
! Galletti Models
! Galletti Models
|-
|-
|Obstetric models life-size wax models and scaled (1:3) terracotta models, examples of techniques for teaching medicine and obstetrics to midwives and surgery students at the end of the 18th century.
| bgcolor="white"|Obstetric models life-size wax models and scaled (1:3) terracotta models, examples of techniques for teaching medicine and obstetrics to midwives and surgery students at the end of the 18th century.


<gallery>
<gallery>
Line 43: Line 116:
</gallery>
</gallery>
|}
|}
 
==Beginning Last Century - 1900's==
===Ziegler Models===
===Ziegler Models===
(19<sup>th</sup> to early 20<sup>th</sup> century)
(19<sup>th</sup> to early 20<sup>th</sup> century)
Line 53: Line 126:
! Ziegler Models (1860's - )
! Ziegler Models (1860's - )
|-
|-
|
| bgcolor="white"|
'''Embryos'''
'''Embryos'''


Line 83: Line 156:
|}
|}


===Carnegie and Blechschmidt Models===
{|
| [[File:Osborne_Heard.jpg|400px]]
| [[File:Blechschmidt model icon.jpg|300px]]
|-
| Carnegie Models
Osborne O. Heard (1891–1983) produced over 700 wax-based embryo reconstructions models for the Carnegie Institute. Models were produced by the lost-wax casting process and were more detailed than the earlier Ziegler (1880's) embryo models.
| Blechschmidt Models
Erich Blechschmidt (1904–92) independently developed new methods of embryo reconstruction, 200,000 serial sections of embryos and 64 models. (University of Goettingen, Germany)
|}
===Embryo Collections and Staging===
{{Embryo Collections}}
{|
| [[File:Keibel_Mall_034a.jpg|300px]]
| [[File:Keibel_Mall_034b.jpg|400px]]
|-
| [[Embryology_History_-_Wilhelm_His|His's Normentafel]] (human embryo staging)
|-
| [[File:Human Carnegie stage 10-23.jpg|400px]]
| [[File:Human Carnegie stage 1-23.jpg|400px]]
|-
| Carnegie Collection (USA)
| Kyoto Collection (Japan)
|}
{{Carnegie stages}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Embryo Staging
|-
|<gallery>
Keibel_Mall_141.jpg
Keibel_Mall_142.jpg
Keibel_Mall_143.jpg
Keibel_Mall_144.jpg
Keibel_Mall_145.jpg
Keibel_Mall_146.jpg
</gallery>
|}
===Animal Models===
* Experimental embryology - involving manipulation of animal models.
* Imaging development - electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, ultrasound, tomography.
* Research fields - molecular biology, in vitro fertilisation, stem cells.
{|
| [[File:Chick E12.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Adult frogs 01.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Rat.jpg|120px]]
| [[File:Mouse E0-E5.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Fly_antennapedia_head.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Larvae1.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Chicken Development|Chicken]]
| [[Frog Development|Frog]]
| [[Rat Development|Rat]]
| [[Mouse Development|Mouse]]
| [[Fly Development|Fly]]
| [[Zebrafish Development|Zebrafish]]
|}
{{Animals}}
==Recent Embryology Education==
{|
| [[File:Anatomy teaching USA graph.jpg|600px]]
Trends in anatomy disciplines contact teaching hours based on data from USA survey.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! About this graph
|-
|
* Online survey were constructed to gather basic information about gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, neuroscience/neuroanatomy, and embryology courses.
* 2009 total of 130 allopathic and 25 osteopathic medical schools in USA.
* Number of responses (Gross anatomy 65, Microscopic anatomy 45, Neuroscience/Neuroanatomy 31, Embryology 43)
'''Reference'''
<pubmed>19890982</pubmed>
|}
| Less contact time, but a growing list of new clinically relevant topics.
* [[Assisted Reproductive Technology]] (In vitro fertilization)
* [[Stem Cells]]
* [[Molecular Development]] (genetics, epigenetics, inheritance)
* [[Prenatal Diagnosis]] (genetic, ultrasound, [[Media:MRI_Stage_23_ventricular%2Binlet_septation.mov|MRI]], fetal cells in maternal)
* [[Fetal Surgery]] (prenatal medicine)
|}
===Embryo Serial Sections===
{|
| [[File:Microfiche_reader.jpg]]
| Microfiche Reader used in Medicine and Science classes from 1975 to 1995.
View embryo section 49 images (7x7 matrix) in 3 sets:
# [[Carnegie_stage_13_-_serial_sections|Stage 13 Embryo]] (mid-embryonic period)
# [[Carnegie_stage_22_-_serial_sections|Stage 22 Embryo]] (end embryonic period)
# [[Carnegie stage 22 - selected serial sections|Selected Stage 22 images]] (selected organs and tissues from end embryonic)
Identify key organs and tissues in these sections and compare appearance at different periods of development.
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Microfiche Unlabeled Images
|-
| {{Stage13ULicon120}}
|-
| {{Stage22ULicon120}}
|-
| {{Stage22SULicon120}}
|}
===1997 Online===
<gallery>
File:Microfiche_reader.jpg|pre-1997
File:Embryology website 2001.jpg|2001
File:Embryology website 2004.jpg|2004
File:Embryology website 2007.jpg|2007
File:Embryology_DVD_2007.jpg|2007 DVD
Front-page-image.jpg|[[Main_Page|2009 - onward]]
</gallery>


{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Microfiche Labeled Images
|-
| {{Stage13Licon120}}
|-
| {{Stage22Licon120}}
|-
| {{Stage22SLicon120}}
|}


{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Technology Timeline
|-
| colspan="2"|[[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|50px]]
The changing technology environment we have experienced in the last 50 years, and more recently in the last 20 "internet years".
|-
|
* '''1961''' - Microfiche - miniaturise data, images and text.
* '''1962''' - Slide carousel projector - transport and display content easily.
* '''1960s''' - Overhead projectors - prepared and flexible in-class.
* '''1977''' - Apple computers.
* '''1981''' - IBM computers.
* '''1982''' - Microsoft MS-DOS.
* '''1990''' - Powerpoint - electronic slides.
* '''1991''' - Quicktime - multimedia platform for images and animations.
* '''1993''' - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser) Mosaic] first web browser.
* '''1994''' - Netscape Navigator web browser.
* '''1995''' - Internet Explorer web browser.
* '''1996''' - Flash - multimedia platform for images and animations.
|
* '''1997''' - Embryology site first online.
* '''1998''' - Google internet search.
* '''1998''' - [http://www.blackboard.com/About-Bb/Our-Story.aspx Blackboard] course management system.
* '''2001''' - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia Wikipedia] online encyclopaedia running on [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki Mediawiki].
* '''2002''' - [http://moodle.org/ Moodle] course management system.
* '''2004''' - [https://www.facebook.com/ Facebook] social networking service.
* '''2004''' - Embryology website reformatted as 3 column webpages.
* '''2006''' - [https://twitter.com Twitter] microblogging service.
* '''2009''' - Embryology site transferred to new wiki format.
* '''2010''' - [http://itunes.apple.com/au/app/ibooks/id364709193?mt=8 iBooks] e-book application for iPads.
* '''2012''' - ??
|}




===Online Development===
{|
| [[Movies]]
* Textbook animations
* [[ILP2006_-_Carnegie_stage_Animations|Serial section reconstructions]]
* Research movies


[[Audio]]
| {{Human development movie 1}}
|-
| [[Glossary]]
| [[A|A]]  | [[B|B]] | [[C|C]] | [[D|D]] | [[E|E]] | [[F|F]] | [[G|G]] | [[H|H]] | [[I|I]] | [[J|J]] | [[K|K]] | [[L|L]] | [[M|M]] | [[N|N]] | [[O|O]] | [[P|P]] | [[Q|Q]] | [[R|R]] | [[S|S]] | [[T|T]] | [[U|U]] | [[V|V]] | [[W|W]] | [[X|X]] | [[Y|Y]] | [[Z|Z]]
|-
| [[Human_Abnormal_Development|Abnormal Development]]
| {{Abnormality Links}}
|}
===2004 New Medicine Program===
* Previously lectures and practicals covering a semester.
* Embryology became "integrated" into new cross-discipline courses.
====Lecture Example====
[[File:Human development timeline graph 02.jpg|thumb|400px|[[Quicktime_Movie_-_Human_Development_Timeline|Human Development Timeline]]]]
[[BGDA_Lecture_-_Development_of_the_Embryo/Fetus_1|BGD - Development of the Embryo/Fetus 1]]
* Replace powerpoint slides
* Can be formatted for printing
* Accessible at all times (including [[Help:Mobile_Access|Mobile Access]])
* Can be opened during associated practical class
* Links to:
** Textbooks
** Related online pages, including practical, audio etc.
** Movies
** Glossary
====Practical Example====
[[BGDA_Practical_-_Fertilization_to_Implantation|BGD - Practical Fertilization to Implantation]]
* Organised into a timeline
* Each page worked through with the demonstrator
* Independent time to ask questions
* Students can cut n paste for their own notes
* [[Foundations_Quiz|Online Quizzes]] | [[:Category:Quiz|Category:Quiz]]
====Student Project Examples====
[[Medicine Student Projects]]
* Part of the Medicine undergraduate program allows for individual students to work on research or educational projects related to medicine.
* The projects are academically supervised and are described as an "Independent Learning Project" (ILP).
{|
| [[Image:Navigation bar 1.jpg|300px|center|link=Cardiac_Embryology]]
[[Image:Navigation bar 2.jpg|300px|center|link=Cardiac_Embryology]]
[[Image:Basic Heart Development Timeline.jpg|300px|center|link=Cardiac_Embryology]]
<center>Navigation menus</center>
| [[File:ILP2006 Generating the surface .gif]]
|-
| [[Cardiac_Embryology|'''Cardiac Embryology Tutorial''']]
| valign=top|[[ILP2006_-_Carnegie_stage_Animations|'''Carnegie Stage Embryo 3D Animations''']]
|}
{|
| valign=top|[[Science Student Projects]]
* Since 2009 undergraduate science students have been preparing online group projects as part of their ANAT2341 Embryology course.
* Student group (4-5 students) selects a specific topic within the main theme that they then research and work collaboratively on that topic throughout the semester.
* Project is discussed online.
* Assessed by peers, before being finally edited for submission as their group assessment component for the course.
* Group and [[ANAT2341_2011_Students#Quick_Groups_Assessment_-_30_Sep|Individual contributions]] can also be monitored.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Project Teams - which are working.
|-
| [[File:2011_Project_Group_1-11_edits.jpg|300px]]
| [[File:2011_Talk_Group_1-11_edits.jpg|340px]]
|-
| All Project page edits by Group
| All Discussion page edits by Group
|}
| [[File:Project_timeline.png|200px]]
|}
==Online==
===Notes===
(Shown in the lefthand menu)
* [[Human_System_Development|System Development]]
* [[Embryonic Development]]
* [[Special:Categories|Categories]]
* [[Assisted Reproductive Technology]]
* [[Stem Cells]]
* [[:Category:Quiz|Quizzes]] - Example [[Foundations_Quiz|Medicine - Foundation Quiz]]
===Statistics===
[[File:Wikiviewstats2013.jpg|600px|link=new]]
[[File:Php-most_used_browsers_May-Oct_2013.jpg|300px]][[File:Php-most_used_operating_systems_May-Oct_2013.jpg|300px]]
===eBooks===
{|
| [[File:IBooks_icon.jpg|link=Embryology_iBooks]]
| [[Embryology iBooks]] 2013 software update now allows iBooks to be downloaded and read on tablets, laptops and desktop computers.
|}


==External Links==
{{External Links}}


* Museum für Naturkunde - [http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de DE] | [http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/en EN]


==Final Remarks==
* I remind you that I do not intend to cover everything shown on this seminar page. Some content can be returned to and studied in your own time.
* Embryology education will continue to evolve online as new technologies and research techniques are developed.
* Finally, and most importantly, I thank all my [[Contributors]] who have helped make this a site so rich in embryology content.




'''External Link:''' Museum für Naturkunde - [http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de DE] | [http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/en EN]


{{External Links}}


----
[[Category:Education]][[Category:2013]]


{{Footer}}
{{Footer}}

Latest revision as of 23:25, 26 November 2013

11:00 25th November 2013      Translate page - German

The Evolution of Embryology Education

Dr Mark Hill


BrauneB1.jpg
Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (Wilhelm Braune, Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas, 1872)

Introduction

Embryology is a cornerstone of both Medical Education for medical students and Developmental Biology for science students. In this presentation I will explore how the teaching of Embryology has evolved in our Medical School with the entry into the digital age and the expansion of new teaching and research techniques.


This entire presentation will remain available online if you would like to explore in your own time!

Seminar Summary

  1. Historic background
  2. Embryo staging and collections
  3. Previous teaching techniques
  4. Online education
  5. Medicine
  6. Science
  7. Questions

Early History

Anatomies

(16th to 18th century)

Spiegel1626 table07.jpg

Placenta and Fetus (Spiegel and Casseri, De formato foetu liber singularis, 1626)

Galletti Models

(late 18th century)

Galletti1770 week 16.jpg

Beginning Last Century - 1900's

Ziegler Models

(19th to early 20th century)

Ziegler Freiburg workshop.jpg Ziegler model 06.jpg

Ziegler Freiburg workshop (c 1912). Ziegler Models | Embryology Models

Carnegie and Blechschmidt Models

Osborne Heard.jpg Blechschmidt model icon.jpg
Carnegie Models

Osborne O. Heard (1891–1983) produced over 700 wax-based embryo reconstructions models for the Carnegie Institute. Models were produced by the lost-wax casting process and were more detailed than the earlier Ziegler (1880's) embryo models.

Blechschmidt Models

Erich Blechschmidt (1904–92) independently developed new methods of embryo reconstruction, 200,000 serial sections of embryos and 64 models. (University of Goettingen, Germany)

Embryo Collections and Staging

Embryo Collections: Human Embryo Collections | Embryo Collections | Blechschmidt Collection | Carnegie Collection | Domenech-Mateu Collection | Harvard Collection | Hill Collection | Hinrichsen Collection | Hubrecht Collection | Kyoto Collection | Madrid Collection | Embryology Models | DEC Information | DEC


Keibel Mall 034a.jpg Keibel Mall 034b.jpg
His's Normentafel (human embryo staging)
Human Carnegie stage 10-23.jpg Human Carnegie stage 1-23.jpg
Carnegie Collection (USA) Kyoto Collection (Japan)
Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline


Animal Models

  • Experimental embryology - involving manipulation of animal models.
  • Imaging development - electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, ultrasound, tomography.
  • Research fields - molecular biology, in vitro fertilisation, stem cells.
Chick E12.jpg Adult frogs 01.jpg Rat.jpg Mouse E0-E5.jpg Fly antennapedia head.jpg Larvae1.png
Chicken Frog Rat Mouse Fly Zebrafish
Animal Development: axolotl | bat | cat | chicken | cow | dog | dolphin | echidna | fly | frog | goat | grasshopper | guinea pig | hamster | horse | kangaroo | koala | lizard | medaka | mouse | opossum | pig | platypus | rabbit | rat | salamander | sea squirt | sea urchin | sheep | worm | zebrafish | life cycles | development timetable | development models | K12
Historic Embryology  
1897 Pig | 1900 Chicken | 1901 Lungfish | 1904 Sand Lizard | 1905 Rabbit | 1906 Deer | 1907 Tarsiers | 1908 Human | 1909 Northern Lapwing | 1909 South American and African Lungfish | 1910 Salamander | 1951 Frog | Embryology History | Historic Disclaimer

Recent Embryology Education

Anatomy teaching USA graph.jpg

Trends in anatomy disciplines contact teaching hours based on data from USA survey.

Less contact time, but a growing list of new clinically relevant topics.

Embryo Serial Sections

Microfiche reader.jpg Microfiche Reader used in Medicine and Science classes from 1975 to 1995.

View embryo section 49 images (7x7 matrix) in 3 sets:


  1. Stage 13 Embryo (mid-embryonic period)
  2. Stage 22 Embryo (end embryonic period)
  3. Selected Stage 22 images (selected organs and tissues from end embryonic)


Identify key organs and tissues in these sections and compare appearance at different periods of development.

1997 Online


Online Development

Movies

Audio

Human development 001 icon.jpg
 ‎‎Human Development
Page | Play
Glossary A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Abnormal Development
Abnormality Links: abnormal development | abnormal genetic | abnormal environmental | Unknown | teratogens | ectopic pregnancy | cardiovascular abnormalities | coelom abnormalities | endocrine abnormalities | gastrointestinal abnormalities | genital abnormalities | head abnormalities | integumentary abnormalities | musculoskeletal abnormalities | limb abnormalities | neural abnormalities | neural crest abnormalities | placenta abnormalities | renal abnormalities | respiratory abnormalities | hearing abnormalities | vision abnormalities | twinning | Developmental Origins of Health and Disease |  ICD-11
Historic Embryology  
1915 Congenital Cardiac Disease | 1917 Frequency of Anomalies in Human Embryos | 1920 Hydatiform Degeneration Tubal Pregnancy | 1921 Anencephalic Embryo | 1921 Rat and Man | 1966 Congenital Malformations

2004 New Medicine Program

  • Previously lectures and practicals covering a semester.
  • Embryology became "integrated" into new cross-discipline courses.

Lecture Example

Human Development Timeline

BGD - Development of the Embryo/Fetus 1

  • Replace powerpoint slides
  • Can be formatted for printing
  • Accessible at all times (including Mobile Access)
  • Can be opened during associated practical class
  • Links to:
    • Textbooks
    • Related online pages, including practical, audio etc.
    • Movies
    • Glossary

Practical Example

BGD - Practical Fertilization to Implantation

  • Organised into a timeline
  • Each page worked through with the demonstrator
  • Independent time to ask questions
  • Students can cut n paste for their own notes
  • Online Quizzes | Category:Quiz

Student Project Examples

Medicine Student Projects

  • Part of the Medicine undergraduate program allows for individual students to work on research or educational projects related to medicine.
  • The projects are academically supervised and are described as an "Independent Learning Project" (ILP).
Navigation bar 1.jpg
Navigation bar 2.jpg
Basic Heart Development Timeline.jpg
Navigation menus
 ILP2006 Generating the surface .gif
Cardiac Embryology Tutorial Carnegie Stage Embryo 3D Animations


Science Student Projects
  • Since 2009 undergraduate science students have been preparing online group projects as part of their ANAT2341 Embryology course.
  • Student group (4-5 students) selects a specific topic within the main theme that they then research and work collaboratively on that topic throughout the semester.
  • Project is discussed online.
  • Assessed by peers, before being finally edited for submission as their group assessment component for the course.
  • Group and Individual contributions can also be monitored.
 Project timeline.png

Online

Notes

(Shown in the lefthand menu)

Statistics

Wikiviewstats2013.jpg

Php-most used browsers May-Oct 2013.jpgPhp-most used operating systems May-Oct 2013.jpg

eBooks

IBooks icon.jpg Embryology iBooks 2013 software update now allows iBooks to be downloaded and read on tablets, laptops and desktop computers.


Final Remarks

  • I remind you that I do not intend to cover everything shown on this seminar page. Some content can be returned to and studied in your own time.
  • Embryology education will continue to evolve online as new technologies and research techniques are developed.
  • Finally, and most importantly, I thank all my Contributors who have helped make this a site so rich in embryology content.


External Link: Museum für Naturkunde - DE | EN

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 20) Embryology Museum of Natural History Berlin - 2013 Seminar. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Museum_of_Natural_History_Berlin_-_2013_Seminar

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
Retrieved from ‘https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Museum_of_Natural_History_Berlin_-_2013_Seminar&oldid=127169’
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