Musculoskeletal System - Joint Development: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Developing_joint.jpg|thumb|Developing distal phalangeal joint]] | [[File:Developing_joint.jpg|thumb|Developing distal phalangeal joint]] | ||
In the adult, the region where two skeletal bones meet and | In the adult, the region where two skeletal bones meet and articulate is called a "joint". | ||
In the adult, there are a range of adult joint types based upon their anatomical structure, mobility and shape of the joint. | In the adult, there are a range of adult joint types based upon their anatomical structure, mobility and shape of the joint. |
Revision as of 11:21, 12 June 2010
Introduction
In the adult, the region where two skeletal bones meet and articulate is called a "joint".
In the adult, there are a range of adult joint types based upon their anatomical structure, mobility and shape of the joint.
In the embryo, the majority of the vertebrate skeleton is initially formed as a cartilage template, that is later replaced by bone except at the interface between two adjacent bones, leaving in the adult a layer of cartilage in this region. The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neural crest contribution.
System Links: Introduction | Cardiovascular | Coelomic Cavity | Endocrine | Gastrointestinal Tract | Genital | Head | Immune | Integumentary | Musculoskeletal | Neural | Neural Crest | Placenta | Renal | Respiratory | Sensory | Birth |
Some Recent Findings
- The development of synovial joints. [1] "The position of future joints is first delimited by areas of higher cell density called interzones initially through an as yet unidentified inductive signal, subsequently specification of these regions is controlled hierarchically by wnt14 and gdf5, respectively. Joint-forming cell fate although specified is not fixed, and joints will fuse if growth factor signaling is perturbed."
- Transcription factor ERG and joint and articular cartilage formation[2] "ets transcription factor ERG is part of molecular mechanisms leading chondrocytes into a permanent developmental path and become joint forming cells, and may do so by acting downstream of joint master regulator protein GDF-5"
Joint Types
Classification
- Fibrous (synarthrodial) - immoveable joints found in cranial vault and teeth
- Cartilagenous (synchondroses and sympheses) - partially moveable joints
- Synovial (diarthrosis) - freely moveable joints are the most common found in the skeleton
Movement
- Hinge - (elbow and knee) Flexion/Extension
- Pivot - (neck, atlas and axis bones) Rotation of one bone around another
- Ball and Socket - (shoulder and hip)
- Saddle - (thumb)
- Condyloid - (wrist joints)
- Gliding - (intercarpal joints) Gliding movements
Synovial Joint Development
Skeletal joint cavity development (cavitation) occurs along planes of the future articular surfaces of synovial joints. A number of different markers have been shown to be present in the interzone at the time of cavitation (hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthase, but not chondroitin sulphates).
Fibroblast-like cells (and/or adjacent chondrocytes) with uridine-diphospho glucose dehydrogenase (UDPGD) activity contribute to glycosaminoglycan levels (increases in hyaluronan). These cells are located on the intimal surface of the synovial lining and have been suggested as the possible cavitation mechanism, switching from cellular cohesion to dissociation.[3]
Joint Abnormalities
FGFR-Related Craniosynostosis Syndromes
Pfeiffer syndrome, Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Beare-Stevenson syndrome, FGFR2-related isolated coronal synostosis, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (AN), and Muenke syndrome
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
- Links: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&partid=1123#edm-ad GeneReviews - Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia)
Temporomandibular Disorders
Osteoarthritis
References
Online Textbooks
Developmental Biology Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. ; c2000 Forming the joints
Reviews
Articles
- Rountree RB, Schoor M, Chen H, Marks ME, Harley V, Mishina Y, Kingsley DM. BMP receptor signaling is required for postnatal maintenance of articular cartilage. PLoS Biol. 2004 Nov;2(11):e355.)
- Mérida-Velasco JA, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Espín-Ferra J, Mérida-Velasco JR, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Jiménez-Collado J. Development of the human elbow joint. Anat Rec. 2000 Feb 1;258(2):166-75.
- Koyama E, Leatherman JL, Shimazu A, Nah HD, Pacifici M. Syndecan-3, tenascin-C, and the development of cartilaginous skeletal elements and joints in chick limbs. Dev Dyn. 1995 Jun;203(2):152-62.
- Edwards JC, Wilkinson LS, Jones HM, Soothill P, Henderson KJ, Worrall JG, Pitsillides AA. The formation of human synovial joint cavities: a possible role for hyaluronan and CD44 in altered interzone cohesion. J Anat. 1994 Oct;185 ( Pt 2):355-67.)
Search PubMed
Search April 2010
- Musculoskeletal System Development - All (44637) Review (5065) Free Full Text (6601)
- Musculoskeletal Development - All (44637) Review (5065) Free Full Text (6601)
Search Pubmed: Musculoskeletal System Development | Musculoskeletal Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Musculoskeletal System - Joint Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Musculoskeletal_System_-_Joint_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G