Musculoskeletal System - Abnormalities

Introduction

Fetal head (week 12)

There are a large number of different musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting one or a combination of bone and muscle development in the skull, trunk and limbs. This page therefore can only broadly introduce the topic.

Musculoskeletal and limb disorders together form the largest group of congenital defects that occur in Australia. Some defects appear as obvious malformations, such as syndactyly and limb reductions. Other muscular defects only become obvious postnatally when the muscles are required to be used, those in highest use are respiratory (diaphragm, intercostals) and anti-gravity (those that hold you upright) muscles.

Historic Embryology - Musculoskeletal
1853 Bone \| 1885 Sphenoid \| 1902 - Pubo-femoral Region \| Spinal Column and Back \| Body Segmentation \| Cranium \| Body Wall, Ribs, and Sternum \| Limbs \| 1901 - Limbs \| 1902 - Arm Development \| 1906 Human Embryo Ossification \| 1906 Lower limb Nerves and Muscle \| 1907 - Muscular System \| Skeleton and Limbs \| 1908 Vertebra \| 1908 Cervical Vertebra \| 1909 Mandible \| 1910 - Skeleton and Connective Tissues \| Muscular System \| Coelom and Diaphragm \| 1913 Clavicle \| 1920 Clavicle \| 1921 - External body form \| Connective tissues and skeletal \| Muscular \| Diaphragm \| 1929 Rat Somite \| 1932 Pelvis \| 1940 Synovial Joints \| 1943 Human Embryonic, Fetal and Circumnatal Skeleton \| 1947 Joints \| 1949 Cartilage and Bone \| 1957 Chondrification Hands and Feet \| 1968 Knee

--Mark Hill 09:25, 14 April 2010 (EST) Page Template only - content from original UNSW Embryology site currently being edited and updated.

Some Recent Findings

Textbooks

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (8th Edition) by Keith L. Moore and T.V.N Persaud - Moore & Persaud Chapter 15 the skeletal system
Larsen’s Human Embryology by GC. Schoenwolf, SB. Bleyl, PR. Brauer and PH. Francis-West - Chapter 11 Limb Dev (bone not well covered in this textbook)
Before we Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 16,17: p379-397, 399-405
Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Chapter 11 p207-228

Objectives

Identify the components of a somite and the adult derivatives of each component.
Give examples of sites of (a) endochondral and (b) intramembranous ossification and to compare these two processes.
Identify the general times (a) of formation of primary and (b) of formation of secondary ossification centres, and (c) of fusion of such centres with each other.
Briefly summarise the development of the limbs.
Describe the developmental abnormalities responsible for the following malformations: selected growth plate disorders; congenital dislocation of the hip; scoliosis; arthrogryposis; and limb reduction deformities.

Computer Activities

Development Overview

References

Reviews

Articles

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Search April 2010

Musculoskeletal System Development - All (44637) Review (5065) Free Full Text (6601)
Musculoskeletal Development - All (44637) Review (5065) Free Full Text (6601)

Search Pubmed: musculoskeletal system abnormalities