Mouse Development: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 11:44, 1 September 2014
Embryology - 24 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The mouse (taxon-mus) has always been a good embryological model, generating easily (litters 8-20) and quickly (21d). Mouse embryology really expanded when molecular biologists used mice for gene knockouts. Suddenly it was necessary to understand development in order to understand the effect of knocking out the gene.
There are over 450 different strains of inbred research mice, and these strains have recently been organized into a chart. Those interested in the mouse reproductive cycle should also look at the mouse estrous cycle.
There are several systems for staging mouse development. The original and most widely used is the Theiler Stages system, which divides mouse development into 26 prenatal and 2 postnatal stages. [1]
- Mouse Stages: E1 | E2.5 | E3.0 | E3.5 | E4.5 | E5.0 | E5.5 | E6.0 | E7.0 | E7.5 | E8.0 | E8.5 | E9.0 | E9.5 | E10 | E10.5 | E11 | E11.5 | E12 | E12.5 | E13 | E13.5 | E14 | E14.5 | E15 | E15.5 | E16 | E16.5 | E17 | E17.5 | E18 | E18.5 | E19 | E20 | Timeline | About timed pregnancy
Carnegie | Stage | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Human | Days | 1 | 2-3 | 4-5 | 5-6 | 7-12 | 13-15 | 15-17 | 17-19 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 33 | 36 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 48 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 58 |
Mouse | Days | 1 | 2 | 3 | E4.5 | E5.0 | E6.0 | E7.0 | E8.0 | E9.0 | E9.5 | E10 | E10.5 | E11 | E11.5 | E12 | E12.5 | E13 | E13.5 | E14 | E14.5 | E15 | E15.5 | E16 |
Rat | Days | 1 | 3.5 | 4-5 | 5 | 6 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 16 | 16.5 | 17 | 17.5 |
Note these Carnegie stages are only approximate day timings for average of embryos. Links: Carnegie Stage Comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Timeline Links: human timeline | mouse timeline | mouse detailed timeline | chicken timeline | rat timeline | Medaka | Category:Timeline |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Mouse Development <pubmed limit=5>Mouse Development</pubmed> |
Movies
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Animal Model Comparison
Early Mouse Development
Early mouse development model[7]
Later Mouse Development
Mouse Limb
Carnegie Stages ComparisonThe table below gives an approximate comparison of human, mouse and rat embryos based upon Carnegie staging.
Placenta Development
Spermatozoa DevelopmentThe process of spermatogenesis takes approximately 35 days:
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) The diploid germ cells, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), are located on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules
Primitive spermatogonia subset
Primitive spermatogonia cells transform without cell division into more differentiating A1 spermatogonia that undergo 6 mitotic and 2 meiotic divisions to eventually form haploid spermatids.
Limb DevelopmentMouse limb skeleton cartoon[10] Fore-limb and hind-limb buds for stages E9.5 to E13.5. Hindlimbs are morphologically delayed by about half a day.
Change in cell types and tissue formation as a function of mouse developmental stage.[10]
Neural DevelopmentThe data below is summarised from a study of early neural development in the mouse.[11]
See also these 1980's papers.[12] [13] Urogenital DevelopmentA high-resolution description of the developing murine genitourinary tract from Theiler stage (TS) 17 (E10.5) through to TS27 (E19.5) and then to postnatal day 3 was published in 2007.[14] The GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project (GUDMAP) is a consortium of laboratories working to provide the scientific and medical community with tools to facilitate research. They intend to develop:
Lung DevelopmentVertebrate lung development is generally divided into 5 stages, based upon growth and histological appearance. Mouse age data[15]
Human and Mouse Comparison
Endocrine DevelopmentHypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal AxisTwo postnatal phases identified[16]:
Mouse KnockoutsKnowledge about mouse development has rapidly expanded as it has become the model animal system for genetic "knock out " studies. This technology actually requires development of defined breeding programs, pseudo-pregnancy, in vitro fertilization, molecular biology, and good old fashioned histology. Without understanding normal development the molecular biologists don't stand a hope of understanding what their gene knock out has done. There is a database of all existing mouse knockouts and their consequences. Murine Development Control Genes Kessel, M. and Gruss, P. Science 249 374-379 (1990) An early review of the genes, and method of identifying them, involved in early mouse development. In particular discusses Homeobox genes. (homeobox is 183bp encoding a 61 amino acid DNA-binding domain)
The Genealogy Chart of Inbred StrainsThis Nature paper[17] chart shows the origins and relationships of inbred mouse strains. The chart is available as a PDF document [Media:Mouse_genealogy.pdf Locally] or from JAX Labs and was originally published by Beck etal., 2000.
Mouse GenomeMouse Genome completed December 2002, a draft sequence and analysis of the genome of the C57BL/6J mouse strain.
References
Search PubmedSearch Pubmed: Mouse Development | Mouse Embryology Additional Images
External LinksExternal Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation. Mouse Embryology
Mouse Gene Expression
Mouse Genome
Mouse Jackson Laboratory
Mouse Diseases
Mouse Transgenics
Mouse Transgenic Facilities
Mouse Urogenital
Mouse Unsorted Links
Glossary Links
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 24) Embryology Mouse Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Mouse_Development
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