Lymph Node Development
Embryology - 29 Mar 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Lymphatic vasculature drains lymph fluid from the organ tissue space and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. Lymph nodes lie on the path of lymph vessels and these structures monitor and carry out immune surveillance of this fluid for antigens and pathogens, trapping them within the lymph nodes and generating immune responses.
In early node development, vein endothelial cells form a spherical body (lymph sac) that is surrounded and then invaded by mesenchymal cells that contribute the lymph node stroma.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Lymph Node Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Lymph Node Embryology</pubmed> |
Early Development
- lymph sacs (primitive lymph sacs) form from endothelial cells.
- bud from the veins during early development
- then form buds that branch and form the lymphatic network.
- lymphoid tissue inducer cells - (LTi) first hematopoietic cells to enter and induce lymphoid tissue development.
Molecular
Prox1
- expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells.
Adult Lymph Node
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Legend
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Lymph Node Cartoon Gallery
- Links: Immunobiology - Figure 1.8. Organization of a lymph node | MBoC Figure 24-16. A simplified drawing of a human lymph node
Schematic representation of the organization of a lymph node.[3]
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Mesenteric Lymph Node
Gastrointestinal tract intestine immune overview showing mesenteric lymph nodes.[4]
Histology
- Lymph Node Histology: Subcapsular Sinus | Follicle | Germinal Centre | Medullary Cords and Sinuses | High Endothelial Venules | Macrophages | Node cartoons
Adult Lymph Node Structure
- Capsule - dense connective tissue
- Trabeculae - dense connective tissue
- Reticular Tissue - Reticular cells and fibers, supporting meshwork
- Macrophages - process antigen, difficult to distinguish from the reticular cells.
Lymph
- enters the node through afferent vessels
- filters through the sinuses
- leaves through efferent vessels
Subcapsular sinus = marginal sinus
Continuation of trabecular sinus
Adult Lymphocytes
Lymphocyte Electron Micrographs
Cell Trafficking into and out of Lymph Nodes
Lymphocyte Traffic in and out of the Lymph Node[5]
The following data is from a recent article[6] and review[7] of live adult mouse lymphocytes (T and B cells) imaged within a lymph node.
Both lymphocyte types:
- Spend 8 to 24 h in the lymph node interstitium.
- Transit across a lymphatic endothelium to exit.
- Enter a network of medullary sinuses.
- Drain from sinuses into efferent lymphatic vessels.
Lymphocyte Migration Speeds
T cells - 10–12 μm/min in the follicle diffuse cortex, peak velocities up to 30 μm/min. (move more slowly in the medullary region near the hilus of the lymph node than in the paracortex)
B cells - 6 μm/min in the follicle diffuse cortex, peak velocities up to 20 μm/min.
Both cortical T cells and follicular B cells move in random directions following "guide cells".
Lymphocyte Guide Cells
FDC - Follicular Dendritic Cells, may guide B cells in the follicle.
FRC - Fibroblastic Reticular Cells, may guide T cells in the follicle.
Lymphocyte Movies
Adult Mouse Lymphocyte Motility | |||||||||||||||
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Transendothelial migration |
T cell zone | Medullary sinus | Sinus endothelial barrier | ||||||||||||
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Bi-directional traffic | Cross the sinus endothelial barrier |
T and B cell motility | T and B cell coupling | ||||||||||||
Mouse Immune Movies: Transendothelial migration | T cell zone | Medullary sinus | Sinus endothelial barrier | Bi-directional traffic | cross the sinus endothelial barrier | T and B cell motility | T and B cell coupling | T cell Elimination | Immune System Development | Mouse Development |
References
- ↑ <pubmed>24276888</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19060331</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19644499</pubmed>| PMC2785037 | Nat Rev Immunol.
- ↑ <pubmed>16533891</pubmed>| PMC2118258 | J Exp Med.
- ↑ <pubmed>15122201</pubmed>| Nat Rev Immunol.
- ↑ <pubmed>16273098</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>18173372</pubmed>
Textbook
Immunobiology 5th edition The Immune System in Health and Disease Charles A Janeway, Jr, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, and Mark J Shlomchik.
Part I. An Introduction to Immunobiology and Innate Immunity
- Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in Immunology
- The components of the immune system
- Figure 1.3 All the cellular elements of blood, including the lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
- Figure 1.4 Myeloid cells in innate and adaptive immunity
- Figure 1.5 Lymphocytes are mostly small and inactive cells
- Figure 1.6 Natural killer (NK) cells
- Figure 1.7 The distribution of lymphoid tissues in the body
- Figure 1.8 Organization of a lymph node
- Figure 1.9 Organization of the lymphoid tissues of the spleen
- Summary to Chapter 1
- The components of the immune system
Part III. The Development of Mature Lymphocyte Receptor Repertoires
- Chapter 7. The Development and Survival of Lymphocytes
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>165702</pubmed> <pubmed>1167215</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Lymph Node Development | Lymphocyte Development
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- The Jackson Laboratory JAX Mice Strains - Lymphoid Tissue Defects
- Cambridge Immunology Network Dr Louise Gaynor - Immunogenetics of uterine Natural Killer
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Lymph Node Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lymph_Node_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G