Lizard Development: Difference between revisions
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* '''Identifying the evolutionary building blocks of the cardiac conduction system''' | * '''Identifying the evolutionary building blocks of the cardiac conduction system'''{{#pmid:22984480}} "The endothermic state of mammals and birds requires high heart rates to accommodate the high rates of oxygen consumption. These high heart rates are driven by very similar conduction systems consisting of an atrioventricular node that slows the electrical impulse and a His-Purkinje system that efficiently activates the ventricular chambers. While ectothermic vertebrates have similar contraction patterns, they do not possess anatomical evidence for a conduction system. ... Mammalian and avian ventricles uniquely develop thick compact walls and septum and, hence, form a discrete ventricular conduction system from the embryonic spongy ventricle. Our study uncovers the evolutionary building plan of heart and indicates that the building blocks of the conduction system of adult ectothermic vertebrates and embryos of endotherms are similar." | ||
* '''Tooth development in a model reptile: functional and null generation teeth in the gecko Paroedura picta'''<ref name=PMID22780101><pubmed>22780101</pubmed></ref> "This paper describes tooth development in a basal squamate, Paroedura picta. Due to its reproductive strategy, mode of development and position within the reptiles, this gecko represents an excellent model organism for the study of reptile development. ...We show evidence for a stratum intermedium layer in the enamel epithelium of functional teeth and show that the bicuspid shape of the teeth is created by asymmetrical deposition of enamel, and not by folding of the inner dental epithelium as observed in mammals." | * '''Tooth development in a model reptile: functional and null generation teeth in the gecko Paroedura picta'''<ref name=PMID22780101><pubmed>22780101</pubmed></ref> "This paper describes tooth development in a basal squamate, Paroedura picta. Due to its reproductive strategy, mode of development and position within the reptiles, this gecko represents an excellent model organism for the study of reptile development. ...We show evidence for a stratum intermedium layer in the enamel epithelium of functional teeth and show that the bicuspid shape of the teeth is created by asymmetrical deposition of enamel, and not by folding of the inner dental epithelium as observed in mammals." | ||
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'''Search PubMed Genome:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome?term=lizard Lizard] | '''Search PubMed Genome:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome?term=lizard Lizard] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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'''Search PubMed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Lizard+development Lizard development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Anolis+carolinensis Anolis carolinensis] | '''Search PubMed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Lizard+development Lizard development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Anolis+carolinensis Anolis carolinensis] | ||
==Historic== | |||
[[File:Kollmann343.jpg|thumb|Fig. 343. Head of a Lizard Embryo (''Sphenodon punctatum Hatteria'')]] | |||
'''Schwalbe (1891)''' points out the significant fact that in reptiles that lack an external ear (lizard and turtle) there occur distinct hillocks in the embryo, resembling those in vertebrates that develop an auricle. These hillocks undergo degeneration and are reduced to the level of the surrounding skin. He finds in both birds and reptiles hillocks corresponding to the tragus and antitragus hillocks of His. These animals have one hillock (Auricularkegel), situated dorsal to the first cleft, which seems to represent a more primitive apparatus than is present in mammals, although it may be related to the helix system. In Salachians it possesses a spiracle. | |||
(From [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.69#Historical|Contributions to Embryology No.69]]) | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Kollmann075.jpg|Fig. 75. Neck and back of the head of an embryo of European Green Lizard (Lacerta viridian) | |||
File:Kollmann076.jpg|Fig. 76. Head with a head cavity Lizard (Lacerta viridi) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Sand Lizard 1904=== | |||
[[Book - Normal Plates of the Development of Vertebrates 4|Normal Plates of the Development of Vertebrates 4 - Sand Lizard]] (''Lacerta agilis'') by Karl Peter | |||
<gallery> | |||
Keibel1904_plate01.jpg|Plate 1 | |||
Keibel1904_plate02.jpg|Plate 2 | |||
Keibel1904_plate03.jpg|Plate 3 | |||
Keibel1904_plate04.jpg|Plate 4 | |||
</gallery> | |||
===The Brain of the Tiger Salamander 1948=== | |||
{{Ref-Herrick1948}} | |||
== External Links == | == External Links == |
Revision as of 13:49, 28 June 2018
Embryology - 25 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Lizards and snakes represent scaled reptiles (squamata). Lizard development involves an amniotic egg, that evolutionary (~320 million years ago) freed the vertebrates from their aquatic (water) to a terrestrial (land) environment. The Galápagos Islands marine iguana was also made famous by Charles Darwin's historic evolution studies.
The genome of the lizard Anolis carolinensis (green anole) from southeastern United States has a karyotype of 18 chromosomes, comprising six pairs of large macrochromosomes and 12 pairs of small microchromosomes, and has recently been sequenced [1]. Interestingly, almost all reptilian genomes also contain "microchromosomes", very small chromosomes less than 20 Mb in sequence size. (More? Genome)
Lizard links: lizard | 1904 Sand Lizard | 1932 Twinning | Category:Lizard |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Lizard Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Lizard Embryology</pubmed> |
Taxon
root; cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Sauropsida; Sauria; Lepidosauria
Squamata (squamates) - snakes and lizards.
- Iguania (iguanian lizards) - arboreal with primitively fleshy, non-prehensile tongues, highly modified in the chameleons.
- Acrodonta
- Iguanidae (iguanid lizards)
- Scleroglossa
- Amphisbaenia
- Anguimorpha (anguimorph lizards)
- Gekkota - all geckos and the limbless Pygopodidae.
- Scincomorpha (scincomorph lizards)
- Serpentes (snakes)
- unclassified Squamata
- Links: Taxonomy Browser Lizards
Development Overview
Australian Water Skink
Genome
Anolis carolinensis (green anole)
The genome of the lizard Anolis carolinensis (green anole) from southeastern United States has a karyotype of 18 chromosomes, comprising six pairs of large macrochromosomes and 12 pairs of small microchromosomes, and has recently been sequenced [1]. Interestingly, almost all reptilian genomes also contain "microchromosomes", very small chromosomes less than 20 Mb in sequence size.
It is a model organism for laboratory-based studies of organismal function and for field studies of ecology and evolution. This species was chosen for genome sequencing in part because of the ease and low expense of captive breeding, well studied brain, and sophisticated color vision. It is also well suited for studies involving the role of hormones in development and adult nervous system plasticity. (modified from Genome)
Search PubMed Genome: Lizard
References
Reviews
<pubmed>21573966</pubmed> <pubmed>21513818</pubmed> <pubmed>20234154</pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>19645023</pubmed> <pubmed>19097047</pubmed> <pubmed>17872995</pubmed>| J Exp Biol. <pubmed>17415759</pubmed> <pubmed>15521466</pubmed> <pubmed>5437480</pubmed> <pubmed>6429113</pubmed>
Books
Search PubMed
Search PubMed: Lizard development | Anolis carolinensis
Historic
Schwalbe (1891) points out the significant fact that in reptiles that lack an external ear (lizard and turtle) there occur distinct hillocks in the embryo, resembling those in vertebrates that develop an auricle. These hillocks undergo degeneration and are reduced to the level of the surrounding skin. He finds in both birds and reptiles hillocks corresponding to the tragus and antitragus hillocks of His. These animals have one hillock (Auricularkegel), situated dorsal to the first cleft, which seems to represent a more primitive apparatus than is present in mammals, although it may be related to the helix system. In Salachians it possesses a spiracle.
(From Contributions to Embryology No.69)
Sand Lizard 1904
Normal Plates of the Development of Vertebrates 4 - Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis) by Karl Peter
The Brain of the Tiger Salamander 1948
Herrick CJ. The Brain of the Tiger Salamander (1948) The University Of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- Department of Primary Industries Lizards of Tasmania
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Lizard Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lizard_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G