K12 - Communication: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 17:52, 22 April 2013
Introduction
Biological communication occurs at many levels, from one cell communication with its neighbour in a tissue (paracrine), to signals released into the blood from one cell to signal to another cell or tissue (endocrine or hormone signaling). The signalling that occurs in the brain, spinal cord and other nervous tissues involves electrical (action potentials) signaling.
This page will introduce development of signaling in our special sensory nervous systems: the eyes for vision and the ears for hearing. Both systems convert signals in one medium (light or sound) into an electrical signal that our brain can understand.
Sound - Hearing
This cartoon shows the adult "ear" with the 3 main divisions (outer, middle, inner).
Outer Ear
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Middle Ear
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Inner Ear
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Hearing Before Birth
Before birth the baby cannot "hear" like we do, instead during the third trimester vibrations of the mother's body, vibrate the fluid surrounding the baby, that then vibrate the baby's head that stimulate the hearing pathway. This can sometimes result in a "startle-like" response.
- The middle ear is filled with fluid instead of air so the middle ear bones (ossicles) cannot move freely.
- The pathway to the brain, and the part of the brain that interprets sounds, have not yet full developed.
Why can't the baby hear? |
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External Ear Growth before Birth
Month 3 - Fetus | Month 4 - Fetus | Month 5 - Fetus |
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Light - Vision
This cartoon[1] shows the eyeball (left), a cartoon of the retinal cell organisation (middle) and an actual slice of the human retina.
The Eye
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Retinal Cell Organization
These are the names of the cells and neurones required to convert light into electrical signals. (detect, process and carry)
Notice that light has to pass through all the other cell layers to the detection cell layer. |
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology K12 - Communication. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/K12_-_Communication
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
- ↑ <pubmed>20855501</pubmed>| PMC3101587 | JCB