K: Difference between revisions

From Embryology
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
(38 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
==UNSW Embryology==
{{Header}}
=Glossary '''K'''=


:'''Glossary Links:''' [[A|A]]  | [[B|B]] | [[C|C]] | [[D|D]] | [[E|E]] | [[F|F]] | [[G|G]] | [[H|H]] | [[I|I]] | [[J|J]] | '''K''' | [[L|L]] | [[M|M]] | [[N|N]] | [[O|O]] | [[P|P]] | [[Q|Q]] | [[R|R]] | [[S|S]] | [[T|T]] | [[U|U]] | [[V|V]] | [[W|W]] | [[X|X]] | [[Y|Y]] | [[Z|Z]]
{{Glossary}}
 
==K==


Link to the [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/Index/K.htm Original UNSW Embryology Glossary K]


===Kangaroo Mother Care ===
===Kangaroo Mother Care ===


(KMC) or Kangaroo care (KC) began in Bogota (Colombia) in 1978. It is therapeutic skin-to-skin contact between an infant and parent where the infant is usually held chest-to-chest in an upright prone position. A Cochrane Database review concluded: "Although KMC appears to reduce severe infant morbidity without any serious deleterious effect reported, there is still insufficient evidence to recommend its routine use in LBW infants. Well designed randomized controlled trials of this intervention are needed." [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12804436&dopt=Abstract Conde-Agudelo A, Diaz-Rossello JL, Belizan JM.] Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD002771.
:(KMC) or Kangaroo care (KC) began in Bogota (Colombia) in 1978. It is therapeutic skin-to-skin contact between an infant and parent where the infant is usually held chest-to-chest in an upright prone position. A Cochrane Database review concluded: "Although KMC appears to reduce severe infant morbidity without any serious deleterious effect reported, there is still insufficient evidence to recommend its routine use in LBW infants. Well designed randomized controlled trials of this intervention are needed." PMID 12804436.  
 
:(More? [[Neonatal Development]])
 
===karyoplast===


(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Child/neonatal.htm Neonatal Notes])  
:(Greek, ''karyon'' = kernel or nucleus) Stem cell term describing a [[N#nucleus|nucleus]] isolated from a eukaryotic cell surrounded by a very thin layer of cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.
 
:(More? [[Stem Cells]])


===karyotype===  
===karyotype===  
[[File:Trisomy21female.jpg|thumb|link=Trisomy 21|alt=Female Trisomy 21 Karyotype|Female Trisomy 21 Karyotype]]
:(Greek, ''karyon'' = kernel or nucleus + ''typos'' = stamp) Term used to describe the [[C#chromosome|chromosomal]] (genetic) makeup (complement) of a cell by the number and appearance of [[C#chromosome|chromosomes]]. Note that chromosomes can only be seen in mitosis or meiosis at metaphase. Staining and identifying the chromosomes can be used in prenatal diagnosis of correct chromosome number or identifying any large chromosomal translocations or deletions.


(Greek, ''karyon'' = kernel or nucleus + ''typos'' = stamp) Term used to describe the chromosomal (genetic) makeup (complement) of a cell.
:(More? [[Histology_Stains#Chromosome_Banding|Histology stains]] | [[Cell Division - Mitosis|Mitosis]] | [[Cell Division - Meiosis|Meiosis]] | [[Week 1]] | [[Abnormal_Development_-_Genetic|Genetic Abnormalities]])


(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week1.htm Week 1 Notes] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Defect/genetic.htm Genetic Abnormalities])
===keratin===


===keratin===
:(cytokeratin) An intermediate filament protein of the cell cytoskeleton. There are many different keratins with different tissue expression profiles. The most common is often identified in skin and mutations in this gene lead to skin defects.


An intermediate filament protein of the cell cytoskeleton. There are many different keratins with different tissue expression profiles. The most common is often identified in skin and mutations in this gene lead to skin defects.
:(More? [[Integumentary System Development]])


===kidney===  
===kidney===  


In humans the metanephros forms the final adult kidney. An excretory organ which also has endocrine functions.
:A paired excretory organs that filter the blood and also have endocrine functions. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron and the term renal also applies to  the kidney. In humans, embryonically the intermediate mesoderm differentiates to form a series of developmental structures (pronephros, mesonephros) eventually forming the metanephros, that forms the adult kidney.


(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/urogen.htm Urogenital Notes])
:(More? [[Renal System Development]] | [[Endocrine_-_Other_Tissues#Endocrine_Kidney|Endocrine Kidney]])
 
===killer immunoglobulin-like receptor===
 
:(KIR) Plasma membrane inhibitory receptor specific for allelic forms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules that block NK cell activation and function. HLA class I is expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T lymphocytes. Cells lacking HLA class I molecules are promptly killed by NK cells.  
 
:(More? PMID 15342010)
 
===kinase===
 
:See [[P#protein kinase|protein kinase]].


===ketosteroids===  
===ketosteroids===  


A 17-ketosteroid is the excreted inactive derivative (breakdown product) of testosterone formed by conjugation in the liver.  
:A 17-ketosteroid is the excreted inactive derivative (breakdown product) of testosterone formed by conjugation in the liver.  


(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/endocrine.htm Endocrine Notes])
:(More? [[Endocrine_System_Development|Endocrine Development]])


===Kleihauer test===
:(Kleihauer–Betke test, KB test) Clinical test for quantifying the amount of fetal haemoglobin that has passed into the maternal bloodstream. Performed on Rh-negative mothers to determine the required dose of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg) to inhibit formation of Rh antibodies in the mother and prevent Rh disease in future Rh-positive children. A shortened naming after Enno Kleihauer who was one of the first to describe the test in 1957.
:(More? [[Prenatal Diagnosis]])
===Kleihauer–Betke test===
:(Kleihauer test, KB test) Clinical test for quantifying the amount of fetal haemoglobin that has passed into the maternal bloodstream. Performed on Rh-negative mothers to determine the required dose of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg) to inhibit formation of Rh antibodies in the mother and prevent Rh disease in future Rh-positive children. Named after Enno Kleihauer and Klaus Betke who first described the test in 1957.
:(More? [[Prenatal Diagnosis]])
===knock out mice ===
===knock out mice ===


A term used to describe the molecular biology technique of introducing a germ line gene specific disruption that results in mice that do not produce the protein product of that gene, it has been "knocked out". Technique required the development of stem cells to carry out the manipulation.  
:A term used to describe the molecular biology technique of introducing a germ line gene specific disruption that results in mice that do not produce the protein product of that gene, it has been "knocked out". Technique required the development of stem cells to carry out the manipulation.  


(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/stemcell.htm Stem Cell Notes] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/MolDev/moldev.htm Molecular Notes] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/OtherEmb/mouse.htm Mouse Notes])
:(More? [[Stem Cells]] | [[Mouse Development]] | [[Molecular Development]])


===koilocytes===  
===koilocytes===  


A visibly human papillomavirus (HPV) infected epithelial cells.  
:An epithelial cell visibly infected by human papillomavirus (HPV).
 
:(More? [[Abnormal_Development_-_Viral_Infection|Viral Infection]])
 
===Kolliker's organ===
 
:(Kollicker's organ, greater epithelial ridge) A developing [[C#cochlea|cochlear]] structure consisting of columnar-shaped supporting cells filling the inner sulcus and lying directly under the [[T#tectorial membrane|tectorial membrane]]. This transient organ regresses and generates the space of the inner sulcus. Named after Rudolph Albert von Kolliker (1817-1905).
 
:(More? [[Hearing_-_Inner_Ear_Development|Inner Ear Development]] | [[Sensory_-_Hearing_and_Balance_Development|Hearing]])
 
===Krabbe disease===
 
:(globoid cell leukodystrophy, galactosylcerebrosidase deficiency, galactosylceramidase deficiency) Rare abnormality lysosomal disorderdue to mutation in the GALC gene producing less galactosylceramidase, an enzyme required for glial cells to make myelin that insulates nerve cells. This is also classified as a lysosomal disorder. There is an early-onset form (appears first months of life, lethal before age 2) and a late-onset form (appears in late childhood or early adolescence). There is a neonatal test for the disease that has an [[:File:Autosomal_recessive_inheritance.jpg|autosomal recessive inheritance]] pattern.
 
:(More? [[Neonatal Diagnosis]] | [[:File:Autosomal_recessive_inheritance.jpg|autosomal recessive inheritance]] | [[Neural Exam Movies]] | [[Molecular_Development_-_Genetics#Inheritance_Genetics|Inheritance Genetics]])
 
===Krüppel-like factor===
 
:(Klf) Group of evolutionarily conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factors described as having in many different cellular processes:proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and development.
 
:(More? [[Molecular Development]])
 


(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/wwwhuman/women.htm#HPV Womens Health Issues - HPV])
{{Glossary comment}}


==Comments==


Use this page to access brief definitions of specific embryology terms. Additional information can be accessed from links listed at the end of each definition. Glossary from the UNSW Embryology program compiled and written by Dr Mark Hill. Reference Material used in preparing this glossary list includes: texts listed on page 1 Reading of each notes section, Department of Anatomy Publications, WWW resources from NCBI, NIH, OMIM, NHMRC (Australia), AMA (USA), Office of Rare Diseases (USA), PubMed Medline Dictionaries, MSDS, Merck Manual home edn.
{{Glossary}}


These notes are for '''Educational Purposes Only''' Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.


Copyright: Dr Mark Hill Created: 01.06.1997 Updated: 11.05.2009


UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
{{Footer}}
[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category:Glossary]]

Revision as of 11:41, 29 March 2017

Embryology - 28 Mar 2024    Facebook link Pinterest link Twitter link  Expand to Translate  
Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page)

العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt    These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations)

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

K

Kangaroo Mother Care

(KMC) or Kangaroo care (KC) began in Bogota (Colombia) in 1978. It is therapeutic skin-to-skin contact between an infant and parent where the infant is usually held chest-to-chest in an upright prone position. A Cochrane Database review concluded: "Although KMC appears to reduce severe infant morbidity without any serious deleterious effect reported, there is still insufficient evidence to recommend its routine use in LBW infants. Well designed randomized controlled trials of this intervention are needed." PMID 12804436.
(More? Neonatal Development)

karyoplast

(Greek, karyon = kernel or nucleus) Stem cell term describing a nucleus isolated from a eukaryotic cell surrounded by a very thin layer of cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.
(More? Stem Cells)

karyotype

Female Trisomy 21 Karyotype
Female Trisomy 21 Karyotype
(Greek, karyon = kernel or nucleus + typos = stamp) Term used to describe the chromosomal (genetic) makeup (complement) of a cell by the number and appearance of chromosomes. Note that chromosomes can only be seen in mitosis or meiosis at metaphase. Staining and identifying the chromosomes can be used in prenatal diagnosis of correct chromosome number or identifying any large chromosomal translocations or deletions.
(More? Histology stains | Mitosis | Meiosis | Week 1 | Genetic Abnormalities)

keratin

(cytokeratin) An intermediate filament protein of the cell cytoskeleton. There are many different keratins with different tissue expression profiles. The most common is often identified in skin and mutations in this gene lead to skin defects.
(More? Integumentary System Development)

kidney

A paired excretory organs that filter the blood and also have endocrine functions. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron and the term renal also applies to the kidney. In humans, embryonically the intermediate mesoderm differentiates to form a series of developmental structures (pronephros, mesonephros) eventually forming the metanephros, that forms the adult kidney.
(More? Renal System Development | Endocrine Kidney)

killer immunoglobulin-like receptor

(KIR) Plasma membrane inhibitory receptor specific for allelic forms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules that block NK cell activation and function. HLA class I is expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T lymphocytes. Cells lacking HLA class I molecules are promptly killed by NK cells.
(More? PMID 15342010)

kinase

See protein kinase.

ketosteroids

A 17-ketosteroid is the excreted inactive derivative (breakdown product) of testosterone formed by conjugation in the liver.
(More? Endocrine Development)

Kleihauer test

(Kleihauer–Betke test, KB test) Clinical test for quantifying the amount of fetal haemoglobin that has passed into the maternal bloodstream. Performed on Rh-negative mothers to determine the required dose of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg) to inhibit formation of Rh antibodies in the mother and prevent Rh disease in future Rh-positive children. A shortened naming after Enno Kleihauer who was one of the first to describe the test in 1957.
(More? Prenatal Diagnosis)

Kleihauer–Betke test

(Kleihauer test, KB test) Clinical test for quantifying the amount of fetal haemoglobin that has passed into the maternal bloodstream. Performed on Rh-negative mothers to determine the required dose of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg) to inhibit formation of Rh antibodies in the mother and prevent Rh disease in future Rh-positive children. Named after Enno Kleihauer and Klaus Betke who first described the test in 1957.
(More? Prenatal Diagnosis)

knock out mice

A term used to describe the molecular biology technique of introducing a germ line gene specific disruption that results in mice that do not produce the protein product of that gene, it has been "knocked out". Technique required the development of stem cells to carry out the manipulation.
(More? Stem Cells | Mouse Development | Molecular Development)

koilocytes

An epithelial cell visibly infected by human papillomavirus (HPV).
(More? Viral Infection)

Kolliker's organ

(Kollicker's organ, greater epithelial ridge) A developing cochlear structure consisting of columnar-shaped supporting cells filling the inner sulcus and lying directly under the tectorial membrane. This transient organ regresses and generates the space of the inner sulcus. Named after Rudolph Albert von Kolliker (1817-1905).
(More? Inner Ear Development | Hearing)

Krabbe disease

(globoid cell leukodystrophy, galactosylcerebrosidase deficiency, galactosylceramidase deficiency) Rare abnormality lysosomal disorderdue to mutation in the GALC gene producing less galactosylceramidase, an enzyme required for glial cells to make myelin that insulates nerve cells. This is also classified as a lysosomal disorder. There is an early-onset form (appears first months of life, lethal before age 2) and a late-onset form (appears in late childhood or early adolescence). There is a neonatal test for the disease that has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
(More? Neonatal Diagnosis | autosomal recessive inheritance | Neural Exam Movies | Inheritance Genetics)

Krüppel-like factor

(Klf) Group of evolutionarily conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factors described as having in many different cellular processes:proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and development.
(More? Molecular Development)


Glossary Comments

Use this page to access brief definitions of specific embryology terms. Additional information can be accessed from links listed at the end of each definition. Glossary from the UNSW Embryology program compiled and written by Dr Mark Hill. Reference material used in preparing this glossary list includes: texts listed on page 1 "Reading" of each notes section, Department of Anatomy Publications, WWW resources from NCBI, NIH, OMIM, NHMRC (Australia), AMA (USA), Office of Rare Diseases (USA), PubMed Medline Dictionaries, MSDS, Merck Manual home edn. and WHO ART terminology (2009).

These notes are for Educational Purposes Only Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.


Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link



Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology K. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/K

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G