Integumentary System Development

Introduction

The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. As a system it has contributions from all embryonic layers.

Ectoderm forms the surface epidermis and the associated glands. Mesoderm forms the underlying connective tissue of dermis and hypodermis. Neural crest cells also migrate into the forming epidermis and the skin is also populated by specialized sensory endings.

--Mark Hill 09:25, 14 April 2010 (EST) Page Template only - content from original UNSW Embryology site currently being edited and updated.

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Hair Links: Overview \| Lanugo \| Neonatal \| Vellus \| Terminal \| Hair Follicle \| Follicle Phases \| Stem Cells \| Molecular \| Pattern \| Puberty \| Histology \| Hair Colour \| Arrector Pili Muscle \| Hair Loss \| Integumentary

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Touch Links: Touch Receptors \| Touch Pathway \| Pacinian Corpuscle \| Meissner's Corpuscle \| Merkel Cell \| Sensory Modalities \| Neural Crest Development \| Neural System Development \| Student project \| Integumentary \| Sensory System

Historic Embryology - Integumentary
1906 Papillary ridges \| 1910 Manual of Human Embryology \| 1914 Integumentary \| 1923 Head Subcutaneous Plexus \| 1921 Text-Book of Embryology \| 1924 Developmental Anatomy \| 1941 Skin Sensory \| Historic Disclaimer

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Some Recent Findings

The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. Vickaryous MK, Sire JY. J Anat. 2009 Apr;214(4):441-64. PMID: 19422424

Textbooks

Objectives

Understand the differentiation of the epidermis and dermis.
Understand the formation of hair and nails.
Understand the formation of sweat glands, mammary glands.
Understand the formation of teeth.

Computer Activities

Development Overview

Ectoderm and Mesoderm Origin

4 weeks

simple ectoderm epithelium over mesenchyme.

1-3 months

ectoderm- germinative (basal) cell repeated division of generates stratified epithelium.
mesoderm- differentiates into connective tissue and blood vessels.

4 months

basal cell- proliferation generates folds in basement membrane.
neural crest cells- (melanocytes) migrate into epithelium. These are the pigment cell of the skin.
embryonic connective tissue- differentiates into dermis, a loose ct layer over a dense ct layer. Beneath the dense ct layer is another loose ct layer that will form the subcutaneous layer.
Ectoderm contributes to nails, hair follictles and glands.
Nails form as thickening of ectoderm epidermis at the tips of fingers and toes. These form germinative cells of nail field.
Cords of these cells extend into mesoderm forming epithelial columns. These form hair follocles, sebaceous and sweat glands.

5 months

Hair growth initiated at base of cord, lateral outgrowths form associated sebaceous glands.
Other cords elongate and coil to form sweat glands.
Cords in mammary region branch as they elongate to form mammary glands. These glands will complete development in females at puberty. Functional maturity only occurs in late pregnancy.

References

Reviews

Articles

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Search April 2010 "Integumentary Development" - All (86) Review (9) Free Full Text (18)

Search Pubmed: Integumentary Development | Skin Development | Hair Development | Tooth Development

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Integumentary System Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Integumentary_System_Development

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