Historic Embryology Papers

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Introduction

The linked papers are intended to give some historic background to Embryology. Historically, say pre-20th century, Embryology was not easily separated from Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology and other biological sciences. At the turn of last century the detailed study and attempts to standardise development of human embryos began. Just a few key embryo collections formed the basis of many of the human published literature. The development of animals models were also standardised into developmental stages.


This page also links to full versions of some of these historic embryology papers. These papers are often included in the Historic links section of each system notes.


Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
Mark Hill.jpg
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)


Historic Journals: Amer. J Anat. | Am J Pathol. | Anat. Rec. | J Morphol. | J Anat. | J Comp. Neurol. | Johns Hopkins Med. J | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A | J Physiol. | Ref. Handb. Med. Sci. | J Exp. Zool. | Yale J Biol. Med. | Anat. Anz. | Memoirs of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology | Quart. Rev. Biol.


History Links: Historic Embryology Papers | Historic Embryology Textbooks | Embryologists | Historic Vignette | Historic Periods | Historic Terminology | Human Embryo Collections | Carnegie Contributions | 17-18th C Anatomies | Embryology Models | Category:Historic Embryology
Historic Papers: 1800's | 1900's | 1910's | 1920's | 1930's | 1940's | 1950's | 1960's | 1970's | 1980's


Embryologists: William Hunter | Wilhelm Roux | Caspar Wolff | Wilhelm His | Oscar Hertwig | Julius Kollmann | Hans Spemann | Francis Balfour | Charles Minot | Ambrosius Hubrecht | Charles Bardeen | Franz Keibel | Franklin Mall | Florence Sabin | George Streeter | George Corner | James Hill | Jan Florian | Thomas Bryce | Thomas Morgan | Ernest Frazer | Francisco Orts-Llorca | José Doménech Mateu | Frederic Lewis | Arthur Meyer | Robert Meyer | Erich Blechschmidt | Klaus Hinrichsen | Hideo Nishimura | Arthur Hertig | John Rock | Viktor Hamburger | Mary Lyon | Nicole Le Douarin | Robert Winston | Fabiola Müller | Ronan O'Rahilly | Robert Edwards | John Gurdon | Shinya Yamanaka | Embryology History | Category:People
Related Histology Researchers  
Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Camillo Golgi
Mark Hill.jpg Students by definition are learning about a topic, so it would seem contrary to the function of an educational site to include information that may be either incorrect or inaccurate. On the other hand, I think it is also important to understand how we achieved our current understanding of embryology and the researchers, discoverers and educators who have made important contributions.

I therefore offer the following student study suggestions: Beginner | Intermediate | Advanced

Beginner students

You are just starting your studies and trying to understand basic embryology and development concepts.


Should probably avoid any content on the site labeled "Historic". The content may confuse or mislead your understanding of basic concepts in embryology and development. Begin with the notes pages linked from the image on the Main Page, or from the Site Map (excluding the history section of site).

Also be careful when viewing images and descriptions that appear as "additional images" or when using the "category" links at the bottom of pages.

Intermediate students

You have a general understanding of embryology and development concepts.


This means you have attended some lectures and practical classes, worked through some of the site notes pages, or studied an embryology textbook. I would still suggest caution when approaching historic material, be sure that you understand the current embryology theories. General observations of how long development takes and the appearance of the human and animal models embryos at different times will not have changed!

Historic images are generally more accurate than some of the accompanying notes pages where the images appear. Some of the labeled structures may have historic names that have been updated or changed in current descriptions, if in doubt use the Glossary. You may also note how many of the textbook images have been based upon some of these historic drawing.

Advanced students

You have a good understanding of embryology and development concepts.


This means that you not only understand, but can also explain clearly to others key developmental concepts. This also implies you understand the differences between recent findings, current controversies and research directions. Now is the time to confidently look back through the historic materials.

These historic materials will provide a context of how we arrived at our current understanding. Importantly, note the date on the page and consider what scientific techniques were available at that time and concurrent discoveries in biology and science.

How will I know that I am an advanced student? You should be able to identify concepts that remain and are applied today as well as those which have been updated or proved to be incorrect. Please also feel free to contact me with mistakes you have identified on this educational site.


Historic Paper Links: 13-14 Somites | 22 Somites | 23 Somites | 25 Somites | 27 Somites | Mall Human Embryo Collection | Embryology History | Carnegie stage 11 | Carnegie stage 12 | Journal of Anatomy | Embryonic Development | Category:Historic Embryology


Embryology History: 1600-1699 | 1700-1799 | 1800-1899 | 1900-1909 | 1910-1919 | 1920-1929 | 1930-1939 | 1940-1949 | 1950-1959 | 1960-1969 | 1970-1979 | 1980-1989 | 1990-1999 | Historic Papers | Embryologists

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Links: Category:1800's

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Links: Category:1900's

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Links: Category:1910's

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Links: Category:1920's

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Links: Category:1930's

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PMC1827298

Amer. J Anat. 71(3): 343-370.

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Links: Category:1940's

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PMID: 2610025

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References


Articles

Alexandre H. (2001). A history of mammalian embryological research. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 45, 457-67. PMID: 11417885

Spradling AC. (1997). The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology. Mol. Med. , 3, 417-9. PMID: 9260153

Hamburger V. (1996). Introduction: Johannes Holtfreter, pioneer in experimental embryology. Dev. Dyn. , 205, 214-6. PMID: 8850558 <214::AID-AJA2>3.0.CO;2-L DOI.

Steinbeisser H. (1996). The impact of Spemann's concepts on molecular embryology. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 40, 63-8. PMID: 8735912

Noe A. (1996). Serial sections and human embryology: a new research initiative. Comput Med Imaging Graph , 20, 415-22. PMID: 9007209

Gilbert SF. (1998). Bearing crosses: a historiography of genetics and embryology. Am. J. Med. Genet. , 76, 168-82. PMID: 9511981

Leperchey F & Barbet JP. (1998). [The origins of embryology. Epistemologic and cultural viewpoints]. Morphologie , 82, 19-28. PMID: 9949997

Sapp J. (1997). Jean Brachet, l'hérédité générale and the origins of molecular embryology. Hist Philos Life Sci , 19, 69-87. PMID: 9284643

Diczfalusy E & Crosignani PG. (1996). Introduction: from reproductive endocrinology to reproductive health. The short history of a new departure by ESHRE. European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology. Hum. Reprod. , 11, 1776-7. PMID: 8921131

Tiedemann H. (1996). The long road to chemical and molecular embryology. What amphibians can teach us on differentiation. An interview with Professor Heinz Tiedemann. Interview by Horst Grunz. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 40, 113-22. PMID: 8735920

Czihak G. (1996). Sea urchin embryology in the sixties. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 40, 97-101. PMID: 8735918

Fässler PE. (1996). Hans Spemann (1869-1941) and the Freiburg School of Embryology. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 40, 49-57. PMID: 8735910

Beetschen JC. (1995). Louis Sébastien Tredern de Lézérec (1780-18?), a forgotten pioneer of chick embryology. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 39, 299-308. PMID: 7669542

Jeziorski KG. (1995). Evolutionism and embryology in the Warsaw physicians' milieu in the years 1859-1939. Clio Med , 33, 213-21. PMID: 9061232

Nakamura O. (1994). A view of amphibian embryology research in Japan through the scientific biography of Professor Osamu Nakamura. Interview by Makoto Asashima. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 38, 155-65. PMID: 7981025

Okada TS. (1994). Experimental embryology in Japan, 1930-1960. A historical background of developmental biology in Japan. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 38, 135-54. PMID: 7981024

Allen GE. (1993). Inducers and 'organizers': Hans Spemann and experimental embryology. Hist Philos Life Sci , 15, 229-36. PMID: 8153264

Kohl F. (1992). [Karl Ernst von Baer: 1792-1876. On the 200th birthday of the "father of embryology"]. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. , 117, 1976-9. PMID: 1478173 DOI.

Alexandre H. (1992). A pioneer of experimental mammalian embryology: Jacques Mulnard. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 36, 25-7. PMID: 1627471

Mulnard JG. (1992). The Brussels School of Embryology. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 36, 17-24. PMID: 1627468

Schröder H. (1992). Classics revisited: Joseph Needham: 'Chemical Embryology'--Cambridge 1931. Placenta , 13, 91-4. PMID: 1502140

Fischer JL. (1991). Laurent Chabry and the beginnings of experimental embryology in France. Dev. Biol. (NY) , 7, 31-41. PMID: 1804216

Burian RM, Gayon J & Zallen DT. (1991). Boris Ephrussi and the synthesis of genetics and embryology. Dev. Biol. (NY) , 7, 207-27. PMID: 1804214

Abir-Am PG. (1991). The philosophical background of Joseph Needham's work in chemical embryology. Dev. Biol. (NY) , 7, 159-80. PMID: 1804212


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Historic Embryology Papers. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Historic_Embryology_Papers

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G