Hearing - Neural Pathway: Difference between revisions
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* '''The precise temporal pattern of prehearing spontaneous activity is necessary for tonotopic map refinement''' | * '''The precise temporal pattern of prehearing spontaneous activity is necessary for tonotopic map refinement'''{{#pmid:24853941|PMID24853941}} "Patterned spontaneous activity is a hallmark of developing sensory systems. In the auditory system, rhythmic bursts of spontaneous activity are generated in cochlear hair cells and propagated along central auditory pathways. The role of these activity patterns in the development of central auditory circuits has remained speculative....These results provide evidence that the precise temporal pattern of spontaneous activity before hearing onset is crucial for the establishment of precise tonotopy, the major organizing principle of central auditory pathways." | ||
* '''Formation and maturation of the calyx of Held''' | |||
* '''Formation and maturation of the calyx of Held'''{{#pmid:1093567|PMID1093567}} "Sound localization requires precise and specialized neural circuitry. A prominent and well-studied specialization is found in the mammalian auditory brainstem. Globular bushy cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) project contralaterally to neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where their large axons terminate on cell bodies of MNTB principal neurons, forming the calyces of Held. The VCN-MNTB pathway is necessary for the accurate computation of interaural intensity and time differences; MNTB neurons provide inhibitory input to the lateral superior olive, which compares levels of excitation from the ipsilateral ear to levels of tonotopically matched inhibition from the contralateral ear, and to the medial superior olive, where precise inhibition from MNTB neurons tunes the delays of binaural excitation. ... In rodents, immature calyces of Held appear in MNTB during the first few days of postnatal life. These calyces mature morphologically and physiologically over the next three postnatal weeks, enabling fast, high fidelity transmission in the VCN-MNTB pathway." | |||
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| [[File:Adult cochlea cartoon 01.jpg|400px]] | | [[File:Adult cochlea cartoon 01.jpg|400px]] | ||
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| Adult cochlea nerve glia | | Adult cochlea nerve glia diagram{{#pmid:24498246|PMID24498246}} | ||
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* forms beside otocyst | * forms beside otocyst | ||
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| [[File:Adult_cochlea_nerve_glia_cartoon.jpg|400px]] | | [[File:Adult_cochlea_nerve_glia_cartoon.jpg|400px]] | ||
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| Cochlea glial lineage | | Cochlea glial lineage{{#pmid:24498246|PMID24498246}} | ||
| Adult cochlea nerve glia cartoon | | Adult cochlea nerve glia cartoon{{#pmid:24498246|PMID24498246}} | ||
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[[File:Hearing sound localization circuits brainstem.jpg]] | [[File:Hearing sound localization circuits brainstem.jpg]] | ||
Schematic drawing of primary auditory sound localization circuits in the mammalian brainstem. For clarity, only the LSO or MSO are shown on each side. | Schematic drawing of primary auditory sound localization circuits in the mammalian brainstem. For clarity, only the LSO or MSO are shown on each side.{{#pmid:19471270|PMID19471270}} | ||
Except for the auditory nerve, excitatory connections are shown in green and inhibitory connections are shown in red. | Except for the auditory nerve, excitatory connections are shown in green and inhibitory connections are shown in red. | ||
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===Calyx of Held=== | ===Calyx of Held=== | ||
A specialised mammalian auditory brainstem synaptic structure. | A specialised mammalian auditory brainstem synaptic structure.{{#pmid:21093567|PMID21093567}} Ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) globular bushy cells project to the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they form this specialised structure, named by Hans Held (1893).<ref>Held H. Die zentrale Gehörleitung. (The Central Auditory Pathway) Arch Anat Physiol Anat Abtheil. 1893;17:201–248.</ref> The VCN-MNTB pathway is required for calculating the interaural intensity and time differences. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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===Reviews=== | ===Reviews=== | ||
{{#pmid:19471270}} | |||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
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{{Footer}} | {{Footer}} | ||
[[Category:Hearing]][[Category:Neural]] |
Revision as of 11:45, 6 April 2018
Embryology - 20 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
This diagram gives an overview of the central neural pathway from the cochlea through the brainstem nuclei to the auditory cortex. Note that this neural pathway can be analysed postnatally by Automated Auditory Brainstem Response.
- auditory nerve (cochlear nerve, acoustic nerve) part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve, CN VIII)
- cochlear nuclei (dorsal cochlear nucleus, ventral cochlear nucleus)
- superior olivary complex (SOC, superior olive)
- lateral lemniscus
- inferior colliculus
- medial geniculate nucleus
- auditory cortex
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Hearing Neural Pathway Development <pubmed limit=5>Hearing Neural Pathway Development</pubmed> |
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Adult cochlea nerve glia diagram[3] |
- forms beside otocyst
- from wall of otocyst and neural crest cells
- bipolar neurons
Vestibular Neurons
- outer end of internal acoustic meatus
- innervate hair cells in membranous labyrinth
- axons project to brain stem and synapse in vestibular nucleus
Cochlear Neurons
- cell bodies lie in modiolus
- central pillar of cochlear
- innervate hair cells of spiral organ
- axons project to cochlear nucleus
Cochlea Glial
Cochlea glial lineage[3] | Adult cochlea nerve glia cartoon[3] |
Auditory Sound Localization Circuits in the Mammalian Brainstem
Schematic drawing of primary auditory sound localization circuits in the mammalian brainstem. For clarity, only the LSO or MSO are shown on each side.[4]
Except for the auditory nerve, excitatory connections are shown in green and inhibitory connections are shown in red.
- AN - auditory nerve
- CN - cochlear nucleus
- HF - high frequency
- LF - low frequency
Calyx of Held
A specialised mammalian auditory brainstem synaptic structure.[5] Ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) globular bushy cells project to the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they form this specialised structure, named by Hans Held (1893).[6] The VCN-MNTB pathway is required for calculating the interaural intensity and time differences.
References
- ↑ Clause A, Kim G, Sonntag M, Weisz CJ, Vetter DE, Rűbsamen R & Kandler K. (2014). The precise temporal pattern of prehearing spontaneous activity is necessary for tonotopic map refinement. Neuron , 82, 822-35. PMID: 24853941 DOI.
- ↑ Roy PN, Mehra KS & Deshpande PJ. (1975). Cataract surgery performed before 800 B.C. Br J Ophthalmol , 59, 171. PMID: 1093567
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Locher H, de Groot JC, van Iperen L, Huisman MA, Frijns JH & Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. (2014). Distribution and development of peripheral glial cells in the human fetal cochlea. PLoS ONE , 9, e88066. PMID: 24498246 DOI.
- ↑ Kandler K, Clause A & Noh J. (2009). Tonotopic reorganization of developing auditory brainstem circuits. Nat. Neurosci. , 12, 711-7. PMID: 19471270 DOI.
- ↑ Nakamura PA & Cramer KS. (2011). Formation and maturation of the calyx of Held. Hear. Res. , 276, 70-8. PMID: 21093567 DOI.
- ↑ Held H. Die zentrale Gehörleitung. (The Central Auditory Pathway) Arch Anat Physiol Anat Abtheil. 1893;17:201–248.
Reviews
Kandler K, Clause A & Noh J. (2009). Tonotopic reorganization of developing auditory brainstem circuits. Nat. Neurosci. , 12, 711-7. PMID: 19471270 DOI.
Articles
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Hearing Neural Pathway
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 20) Embryology Hearing - Neural Pathway. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Hearing_-_Neural_Pathway
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G