Granulosa cell

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Introduction

Oocyte and developing zona pellucida in the ovary
Oocyte and developing granolas cell layer

Surrounding the oocyte as it develops within the ovary follicle are multiple layers of granulosa cells that are bound to the thick specialised extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida. Following release of the oocyte at ovulation, these cells form the granolas layer.


In human development, during the first week of development following fertilization the granolas cell layer and zona pellucida remains surrounding the blastocyst from which it "hatches" to commence implantation.


Fertilization Links: fertilization | oocyte | spermatozoa | meiosis | | ovary | testis | menstrual cycle | zona pellucida | zygote | granulosa cell Lecture - Fertilization | 2016 Lecture | mitosis | Lecture - Week 1 and 2 | hydatidiform mole | Assisted Reproductive Technology | | morula | blastocyst | Lecture - Genital Development | Category:Fertilization
Historic Embryology - Fertilization 
1910 Fertilization | 1919 Human Ovum | 1921 The Ovum | 1927 First polar body | 1929 Oocyte Size | 1943 Fertilization | 1944 In vitro fertilization | 1948 In vitro fertilization


Some Recent Findings

Mouse germinal vesicle
Mouse germinal vesicle with granulosa layer[1]
  • A single domain of the ZP2 zona pellucida protein mediates gamete recognition in mice and humans[2] "The extracellular zona pellucida surrounds ovulated eggs and mediates gamete recognition that is essential for mammalian fertilization. Zonae matrices contain three (mouse) or four (human) glycoproteins (ZP1-4), but which protein binds sperm remains controversial. ...These observations in transgenic mice document that the ZP2(51-149) sperm-binding domain is necessary for human and mouse gamete recognition and penetration through the zona pellucida."
  • Biosynthesis of hamster zona pellucida is restricted to the oocyte[3] "In the present work, the expression of ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4 is carefully analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH) in hamster ovaries. Our data suggest that the four hamster ZP genes are expressed in a coordinate and oocyte-specific manner during folliculogenesis. Furthermore, this expression is maximal during the first stages of the oocyte development and declines in oocytes from later development stages, particularly within large antral follicles."
  • Zona pellucida birefringence in in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes[4]
  • Zona pellucida glycoprotein-1 binds to spermatozoa and induces acrosomal exocytosis[5] "These studies revealed for the first time that in humans ZP1, in addition to ZP3 and ZP4, binds to capacitated spermatozoa and induces acrosomal exocytosis."
More recent papers
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Search term: Granulosa cell development

<pubmed limit=5>Granulosa cell development</pubmed>

Follicle Granulosa Cells

Granulosa cells can also have specific names depending upon location within the follicle.
  • cumulus oophrous (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo= egg, phorus=carrying) granulosa cells directly around the zone pellucida and released with the oocyte.
  • membrana granulosa granulosa cells forming the layer within the follicle antral wall.
  • discus proligerus can refer to the attachment between cumulus oophrous and membrane granolas.
Oocyte and developing zona pellucida in the ovary

Mouse Granulosa Cells

Terms

  • acrosome reaction - The chemical change within the spermatozoa following binding to the zona pellucida, that leads to the release of acrosomal enzymatic contents. These enzymes degrade the zona pellucida and allow a spermatozoa to penetrate an oocyte.
  • granulosa cell - A specific cell type that proliferates in association with the oocyte within the developing follicles of the ovary. These cells form the follicle stratum granulosa and are also given specific names based upon their position within the follicle. In the antral follicle, membrana granulosa sits on the follicular basal lamina and lines the antrum as a stratified epithelium. The cumulus oophorus is a column of granulosa cells that attaches the oocyte to the follicle wall. The corona radiata are the granulosa cells that directly surround the oocyte, and are released along with it at ovulation. Following ovulation the corona radiata provide physical protection to the oocyte and granulosa cells within the ovulating follicle contribute to corpus luteum.

References

  1. <pubmed>25144310</pubmed>| PLoS One.
  2. <pubmed>21074836</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>21074836</pubmed>
  4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named PMID20079896
  5. <pubmed>20504872</pubmed>


Reviews

<pubmed>18539589</pubmed>

Articles

Bookshelf

Search NCBI Bookshelf zona pellucida | acrosome reaction

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July 2010 "zona pellucida" All (4801) Review (582) Free Full Text (1408)

Search Pubmed: zona pellucida | acrosome reaction | Zona pellucida protein 1 | Zona pellucida protein 2 | Zona pellucida protein 3 | Zona pellucida protein 4

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Granulosa cell. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Granulosa_cell

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G