Granulosa cell: Difference between revisions

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Cumulus granulosa cells lie directly around the oocyte zone pellucida and are released with the oocyte at ovulation. These cells have been shown to exchange biological signals with oocytes through the gap junctions.
Cumulus granulosa cells lie directly around the oocyte zone pellucida and are released with the oocyte at ovulation. These cells have been shown to exchange biological signals with oocytes through the gap junctions.
[[File:Oocyte and cumulus granulosa signaling 01.jpg|600px]]
Oocyte and Cumulus Granulosa Signaling<ref><pubmed>23382188</pubmed></ref>




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==Additional Images==
==Additional Images==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Oocyte and cumulus granulosa signaling 01.jpg|Oocyte and Cumulus Granulosa Signaling
File:Oocyte and cumulus granulosa signaling 02.jpg|Oocyte and Cumulus Granulosa Signaling Human and Sheep
File:Oocyte and cumulus granulosa signaling 03.jpg|Oocyte and Cumulus Granulosa Signaling Mouse and Rat
File:Cat_spermatozoa_bound_to_oocyte_zona_pellucida.jpg|[[Cat Development|Cat]] oocyte zona pellucida spermatozoa bound SEM
File:Cat_spermatozoa_bound_to_oocyte_zona_pellucida.jpg|[[Cat Development|Cat]] oocyte zona pellucida spermatozoa bound SEM
File:Hamster_oocyte_zona_pellucida_SEM.jpg|[[Hamster_Development|Hamster]] oocyte zona pellucida SEM
File:Hamster_oocyte_zona_pellucida_SEM.jpg|[[Hamster_Development|Hamster]] oocyte zona pellucida SEM

Revision as of 13:56, 16 November 2014

Embryology - 28 Mar 2024    Facebook link Pinterest link Twitter link  Expand to Translate  
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Introduction

Oocyte and developing zona pellucida in the ovary
Oocyte and developing granolas cell layer

Surrounding the oocyte as it develops within the ovary follicle are multiple layers of granulosa cells that are bound to the thick specialised extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida. Following release of the oocyte at ovulation, these cells form the granolas layer.


Granulosa cells can also have specific names depending upon location within the ovarian follicle: cumulus oophrous (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo= egg, phorus = carrying) also called cumulus granulosa cells directly around the zone pellucida and released with the oocyte; membrana granulosa also called mural granulosa cells forming the layer within the follicle antral wall; discus proligerus can refer to the attachment between cumulus oophrous and membrane granulosa; and mural granulosa cells that line the follicular wall.


In human development, during the first week of development following fertilization the granolsa cell layer and zona pellucida remain surrounding the blastocyst from which it "hatches" to commence implantation.


Fertilization Links: fertilization | oocyte | spermatozoa | meiosis | | ovary | testis | menstrual cycle | zona pellucida | zygote | granulosa cell Lecture - Fertilization | 2016 Lecture | mitosis | Lecture - Week 1 and 2 | hydatidiform mole | Assisted Reproductive Technology | | morula | blastocyst | Lecture - Genital Development | Category:Fertilization
Historic Embryology - Fertilization 
1910 Fertilization | 1919 Human Ovum | 1921 The Ovum | 1927 First polar body | 1929 Oocyte Size | 1943 Fertilization | 1944 In vitro fertilization | 1948 In vitro fertilization


Some Recent Findings

Mouse germinal vesicle
Mouse germinal vesicle with granulosa layer[1]
  • Transcriptomic Diversification of Developing Cumulus and Mural Granulosa Cells in Mouse Ovarian Follicles[2] "Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) have functionally distinct roles in antral follicles, and comparison of their transcriptomes at a global and systems level can propel future studies on mechanisms underlying their functional diversity. ...Gene Ontology analysis revealed that cumulus cells of small follicles were enriched in transcripts generally associated with catalytic components of metabolic processes, while those from large follicles were involved in regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, and adhesion. Contrast of cumulus cells versus MGCs revealed that cumulus cells were enriched in transcripts associated with metabolism and cell proliferation while MGCs were enriched for transcripts involved in cell signaling and differentiation. In-vitro and in-vivo models were used to test the hypothesis that higher levels of transcripts in cumulus cells versus MGCs is the result of stimulation by oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs)."
  • Wt1 functions in ovarian follicle development by regulating granulosa cell differentiation[3] "The Wt1 gene encodes a nuclear transcription factor that is specifically expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. However, the physiological significance of Wt1 in ovarian follicle development remains elusive. ...The results of in vitro studies demonstrated that the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and Aromatase was inhibited by Wt1 in granulosa cells, and mutation of Wt1 resulted in the upregulation of these genes and in the premature differentiation of granulosa cells. We also found that Wt1 was likely involved in granulosa cell development via the regulation of E-cadherin and Par6b expression. Mutation in Wt1 caused defects in polarity establishment in granulosa cells, which also likely contributed to the observed aberrant follicle development."
More recent papers
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Search term: Granulosa cell development

<pubmed limit=5>Granulosa cell development</pubmed>

Follicle Granulosa Cells

Granulosa cells can also have specific names depending upon location within the follicle.
  • cumulus oophrous (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo= egg, phorus=carrying) granulosa cells directly around the zone pellucida and released with the oocyte.
  • discus proligerus can refer to the attachment between cumulus oophrous and membrane granulosa.
  • mural granulosa cell - (membrana granulosa, MGC) granulosa cells that line the follicular wall and have an endocrine function. Remain in the ovary following ovulation and contribute to corpus luteum formation.
Oocyte and developing zona pellucida in the ovary

Cumulus Granulosa Cells

oocyte and cumulus granulosa cells
oocyte and cumulus granulosa cells

cumulus oophrous (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo = egg, phorus = carrying)

Cumulus granulosa cells lie directly around the oocyte zone pellucida and are released with the oocyte at ovulation. These cells have been shown to exchange biological signals with oocytes through the gap junctions.


Oocyte and cumulus granulosa signaling 01.jpg

Oocyte and Cumulus Granulosa Signaling[4]


Search PubMed term: Cumulus Granulosa development

<pubmed limit=5>Cumulus Granulosa development</pubmed>

Mural Granulosa Cells

Mural Granulosa Cells (MGCs) lining the ovulating follicle remain within the ovary and differentiate to form part of the corpus luteum.

Steroid hormone synthesis by mural granulosa cells is dependent upon the multiligand receptor LOX-1.[5]

Mural Granulosa Cells Corpus Luteum Granulosa cells
Ovary histology 006.jpg Corpus luteum lutein cells.jpg

Search PubMed term: Mural Granulosa development

<pubmed limit=5>Mural Granulosa development</pubmed>


Links: Corpus luteum

Mouse Granulosa Cells

Molecular

Granulosa Cell Markers

  • Lhcgr - LH-receptor, a marker of mural granulosa cells.
  • Slc38a3 - amino acid transporter, a marker of cumulus granulosa cells.


Signaling Factors

  • FOXL2 - (forkhead transcription factor) expressed in the less differentiated granulosa cells of small and medium follicles. [6] OMIM605597
  • HAS2, PTGS2, PTX3, TNFAIP6
  • BMP15, GDF9, FGF8


Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular
Ovarian follicle molecular interactions
Molecular paracrine interactions[7]

Abnormalities

Granulosa cell tumour

An uncommon non-epithelial cancer of the ovary.

Granulosa cell tumour 01.jpg

Photograph of a granulosa cell tumour[8]


References

  1. <pubmed>25144310</pubmed>| PLoS One.
  2. <pubmed>25376232</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>24009315</pubmed>
  4. <pubmed>23382188</pubmed>
  5. <pubmed>24710763</pubmed>
  6. <pubmed>25369636</pubmed>
  7. <pubmed>24711992</pubmed>| PMC3966335 | Biomed Res Int.
  8. <pubmed>21060767</pubmed>| PMC2974967 | Case Rep Oncol


Reviews

<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>15271471</pubmed> <pubmed>14967918</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>24422759</pubmed> <pubmed>24270888</pubmed> <pubmed>12077402</pubmed>

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Search NCBI Bookshelf Granulosa cell

Additional Images

Terms

  • acrosome reaction - The chemical change within the spermatozoa following binding to the zona pellucida, that leads to the release of acrosomal enzymatic contents. These enzymes degrade the zona pellucida and allow a spermatozoa to penetrate an oocyte.
  • Call–Exner bodies - small histologically eosinophilic fluid-filled spaces between granulosa cells. Named after Emma Louise Call (1847 - 1937) one of the first American women physician and Sigmund Exner (1846 – 1926) an Austrian physiologist.
  • cumulus cell - (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo= egg, phorus=carrying) granulosa cells directly around the zone pellucida a
  • granulosa cell - A specific cell type that proliferates in association with the oocyte within the developing follicles of the ovary. These cells form the follicle stratum granulosa and are also given specific names based upon their position within the follicle. In the antral follicle, membrana granulosa sits on the follicular basal lamina and lines the antrum as a stratified epithelium. The cumulus oophorus is a column of granulosa cells that attaches the oocyte to the follicle wall. The corona radiata are the granulosa cells that directly surround the oocyte, and are released along with it at ovulation. Following ovulation the corona radiata provide physical protection to the oocyte and granulosa cells within the ovulating follicle contribute to corpus luteum.
  • mural granulosa cell - (MGC) granulosa cells that line the follicular wall and have an endocrine function.


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Granulosa cell. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Granulosa_cell

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