Goat Development: Difference between revisions
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The goat (''Capra aegagrus hircus'') was domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe and is closely related to {{sheep}}. Goats, depending on both breed and nutritional status, reach puberty between 3 to 15 months of age and have an {{estrus cycle}} (heat) every 21 days for 2 to 48 hours. The gestational period is about 150 days producing single, twins and triplet births. | |||
== Some Recent Findings == | == Some Recent Findings == | ||
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* '''Microarray analysis of gene expression in parthenotes and in vitro-derived goat embryos''' | Dynamics of The Expression of Pluripotency and Lineage Specific Genes in The Pre and Peri-Implantation Goat Embryo{{#pmid:30825293|PMID30825293}} "Two critical points of early development are the first and second lineage segregations, which are regulated by a wide spectrum of molecular and cellular factors. Gene regulatory networks, are one of the important components which handle inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) fates and the pluripotency status across different mammalian species. Considering the importance of goats in agriculture and biotechnology, this study set out to investigate the dynamics of expression of the core pluripotency markers at the mRNA and protein levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, the expression pattern of three pluripotency markers (Oct4, Nanog and Sox2) and the linage specific markers (Rex1, Gata4 and Cdx2) were quantitatively assessed in in vitro matured (MII) oocytes and embryos at three distinctive stages: 8-16 cell stage, day-7 (D7) blastocysts and D14 blastocysts. Moreover, expression of Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 proteins, and their localization in the goat blastocyst was observed through immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Relative levels of mRNA transcripts for Nanog and Sox2 in D3 (8-16 cell) embryos were significantly higher than D7 blastocysts and mature oocytes, while Oct4 was only significantly higher than D7 blastocysts. However, the expression pattern of Rex1, as an epiblast linage marker, decreased from the oocyte to the D14 stage. The expression pattern of Gata4 and Cdx2, as extra embryonic linage markers, also showed a similar trend from oocyte to D3 while their expressions were up-regulated in D14 blastocysts. CONCLUSION: Reduction in Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 mRNA transcription and a late increase in extra embryonic linage markers suggests that the developmental program of linage differentiation is retarded in goat embryos compared to previously reported data on mice and humans. This is likely related to late the implantation in goats." | ||
* '''Microarray analysis of gene expression in parthenotes and in vitro-derived goat embryos'''{{#pmid:24507961|PMID24507961}} "The present work was carried out to investigate the global gene expression profile to search differentially expressed candidate transcripts between parthenogenetic and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) caprine morula. ...Five UR genes validated (PTEN, PHF3, CTNNB1, SELK, and NPDC1) and all of them were significantly higher in parthenotes, which was in accordance with microarray results, whereas the expression of DR (AURKC and KLF15) genes were downregulated in parthenotes as observed in microarray results but the difference was not significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate differential expression of a large number of genes in parthenotes compared with IVF embryos, which may be the reason for aberrant parthenogenetic embryo development in caprine species." | |||
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Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Goat+Embryology ''Goat Embryology''] | Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Goat+Development ''Goat Development''] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Goat+Embryology ''Goat Embryology''] | ||
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==Taxon== | ==Taxon== | ||
Kingdom: Animalia | |||
Phylum: Chordata | |||
Class: Mammalia | |||
Order: Artiodactyla | |||
Family: Bovidae | |||
Subfamily: Caprinae | |||
Genus: Capra | |||
Species: C. aegagrus | |||
Subspecies: C. a. hircus | |||
==Development Overview== | ==Development Overview== | ||
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===Reviews=== | ===Reviews=== | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
===Search Pubmed=== | ===Search Pubmed=== |
Revision as of 11:22, 21 May 2019
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Introduction
- Draft Page.
The goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) was domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe and is closely related to sheep. Goats, depending on both breed and nutritional status, reach puberty between 3 to 15 months of age and have an Template:Estrus cycle (heat) every 21 days for 2 to 48 hours. The gestational period is about 150 days producing single, twins and triplet births.
Some Recent Findings
Dynamics of The Expression of Pluripotency and Lineage Specific Genes in The Pre and Peri-Implantation Goat Embryo[1] "Two critical points of early development are the first and second lineage segregations, which are regulated by a wide spectrum of molecular and cellular factors. Gene regulatory networks, are one of the important components which handle inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) fates and the pluripotency status across different mammalian species. Considering the importance of goats in agriculture and biotechnology, this study set out to investigate the dynamics of expression of the core pluripotency markers at the mRNA and protein levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, the expression pattern of three pluripotency markers (Oct4, Nanog and Sox2) and the linage specific markers (Rex1, Gata4 and Cdx2) were quantitatively assessed in in vitro matured (MII) oocytes and embryos at three distinctive stages: 8-16 cell stage, day-7 (D7) blastocysts and D14 blastocysts. Moreover, expression of Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 proteins, and their localization in the goat blastocyst was observed through immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Relative levels of mRNA transcripts for Nanog and Sox2 in D3 (8-16 cell) embryos were significantly higher than D7 blastocysts and mature oocytes, while Oct4 was only significantly higher than D7 blastocysts. However, the expression pattern of Rex1, as an epiblast linage marker, decreased from the oocyte to the D14 stage. The expression pattern of Gata4 and Cdx2, as extra embryonic linage markers, also showed a similar trend from oocyte to D3 while their expressions were up-regulated in D14 blastocysts. CONCLUSION: Reduction in Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 mRNA transcription and a late increase in extra embryonic linage markers suggests that the developmental program of linage differentiation is retarded in goat embryos compared to previously reported data on mice and humans. This is likely related to late the implantation in goats."
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Goat Development | Goat Embryology |
Taxon
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Caprinae Genus: Capra Species: C. aegagrus Subspecies: C. a. hircus
Development Overview
References
- ↑ HosseinNia P, Hajian M, Jafarpour F, Hosseini SM, Tahmoorespur M & Nasr-Esfahani MH. (2019). Dynamics of The Expression of Pluripotency and Lineage Specific Genes in The Pre and Peri-Implantation Goat Embryo. Cell J , 21, 194-203. PMID: 30825293 DOI.
- ↑ Singh R, Kumar K, Mahapatra PS, Kumar M, Agarwal P, Bhure SK, Malakar D, Bhanja SK & Bag S. (2014). Microarray analysis of gene expression in parthenotes and in vitro-derived goat embryos. Theriogenology , 81, 854-60. PMID: 24507961 DOI.
Reviews
Articles
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Goat Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Goat Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Goat_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G