Genital - Female Development: Difference between revisions
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* '''FOXL2 is a female sex-determining gene in the goat'''<ref name=PMID24485832><pubmed>24485832</pubmed></ref> "The origin of sex reversal in XX goats homozygous for the polled intersex syndrome (PIS) mutation was unclear because of the complexity of the mutation that affects the transcription of both FOXL2 and several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Accumulating evidence suggested that FOXL2 could be the sole gene of the PIS locus responsible for XX sex reversal, the lncRNAs being involved in transcriptional regulation of FOXL2. In this study, using zinc-finger nuclease-directed mutagenesis, we generated several fetuses, of which one XX individual bears biallelic mutations of FOXL2. Our analysis demonstrates that FOXL2 loss of function dissociated from loss of lncRNA expression is sufficient to cause an XX female-to-male sex reversal in the goat model and, as in the mouse model, an agenesis of eyelids. Both developmental defects were reproduced in two newborn animals cloned from the XX FOXL2(-/-) fibroblasts. These results therefore identify FOXL2 as a bona fide female sex-determining gene in the goat. They also highlight a stage-dependent role of FOXL2 in the ovary, different between goats and mice, being important for fetal development in the former but for postnatal maintenance in the latter. | |||
* '''Temporal and spatial dissection of Shh signaling in genital tubercle development.'''<ref><pubmed>19906863</pubmed></ref> "Genital tubercle (GT) initiation and outgrowth involve coordinated morphogenesis of surface ectoderm, cloacal mesoderm and hindgut endoderm. GT development appears to mirror that of the limb. Although Shh is essential for the development of both appendages, its role in GT development is much less clear than in the limb. Here, by removing Shh at different stages during GT development in mice, we demonstrate a continuous requirement for Shh in GT initiation and subsequent androgen-independent GT growth." | * '''Temporal and spatial dissection of Shh signaling in genital tubercle development.'''<ref><pubmed>19906863</pubmed></ref> "Genital tubercle (GT) initiation and outgrowth involve coordinated morphogenesis of surface ectoderm, cloacal mesoderm and hindgut endoderm. GT development appears to mirror that of the limb. Although Shh is essential for the development of both appendages, its role in GT development is much less clear than in the limb. Here, by removing Shh at different stages during GT development in mice, we demonstrate a continuous requirement for Shh in GT initiation and subsequent androgen-independent GT growth." | ||
* '''Bmp7 expression and null phenotype in the urogenital system suggest a role in re-organization of the urethral epithelium.''' <ref><pubmed>19159697</pubmed></ref> "Signaling by Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) has multiple and diverse roles in patterning and morphogenesis of the kidney, eye, limbs and the neural tube. ...Together, our analysis of Bmp7 expression and the null phenotype, indicates that Bmp7 may play an important role in re-organization of the epithelium during cloacal septation and morphogenesis of the genital tubercle." | * '''Bmp7 expression and null phenotype in the urogenital system suggest a role in re-organization of the urethral epithelium.''' <ref><pubmed>19159697</pubmed></ref> "Signaling by Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) has multiple and diverse roles in patterning and morphogenesis of the kidney, eye, limbs and the neural tube. ...Together, our analysis of Bmp7 expression and the null phenotype, indicates that Bmp7 may play an important role in re-organization of the epithelium during cloacal septation and morphogenesis of the genital tubercle." | ||
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Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=female+sex+determination ''female sex determination''] | |||
<pubmed limit=5>female sex determination</pubmed> | |||
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== Textbooks == | == Textbooks == | ||
[[File:Historic-ovary.jpg|thumb|Historic drawing of the ovary]] | [[File:Historic-ovary.jpg|thumb|Historic drawing of the ovary]] | ||
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==External Genital== | ==External Genital== | ||
==Molecular== | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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==Terms== | ==Terms== | ||
Revision as of 11:03, 12 November 2014
Embryology - 23 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The male and female reproductive systems develop initially "indifferently", it is the product of the Y chromosome SRY gene that initially makes the "difference". The paramesonephric (Müllerian Duct) contribute the majority of female internal genital tract, while the mesonephric duct degenerates.
The mesonephric/paramesonephric duct changes are one of the first male/female differences that occur in development, while external genitaila remain indeterminate in appearance for quite a while.
There are many different issues to consider in the development of the genital system. Importantly its sex chromosome dependence, late embryonic/fetal differential development, complex morphogenic changes, long time-course, hormonal sensitivity and hormonal influences make it a system prone to many different abnormalities.
There are also currently separate pages describing Ovary Development | Oocyte Development | Uterus Development | Vagina Development | Menstrual Cycle | X Inactivation
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: female sex determination <pubmed limit=5>female sex determination</pubmed> |
Textbooks
- Human Embryology (2nd ed.) Larson Chapter 10 p261-306
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 13 p303-346
- Before We Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 14 p289-326
- Essentials of Human Embryology, Larson Chapter 10 p173-205
- Human Embryology, Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Chapter 21-22 p134-152
- Developmental Biology (6th ed.) Gilbert Chapter 14 Intermediate Mesoderm
Movies
Urogenital Sinus | Urogenital Septum |
Uterus | Female External |
Development Overview
Three main stages during development, mesonephric/paramesonephric duct changes are one of the first male/female differences that occur in development, while external genitaila remain indeterminate in appearance for quite a while.
- Differentiation of gonad (Sex determination)
- Differentiation of internal genital organs
- Differentiation of external genital organs
The 2nd and 3rd stages dependent on endocrine gonad. Reproductive development has a long maturation timecourse, begining in the embryo and finishing in puberty. (More? Puberty Development)
Gonad - Ovary
Primordial germ cell migration (mouse)
Migration 1 | Migration 2 | Migration 3 |
- Links: Ovary Development | Puberty Development
Internal Genital
Historic Images of Genital Changes
Urogenital indifferent | Urogenital female |
Fetal Week 10
Ovary | Ovary |
Uterus | Uterus |
External Genital
Molecular
References
Reviews
Articles
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Female Genital System Development | paramesonephric duct development | paramesonephric duct
Additional Images
Terms
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Genital - Female Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Genital_-_Female_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G