Genetic risk maternal age

From Embryology

Introduction

The table below shows the correlation of maternal age (mother's age) and the potential risk of human genetic abnormalities in children.

The first column shows maternal age, the second column shows the most common human chromosomal abnormality, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), the third column shows all chromosomal abnormalities. The data below are from papers published in the 1980's.[1][2][3]

Interestingly, recent studies suggest that increasing paternal age (father's age) can also have affects on neurodevelopmental outcomes.[4] and childhood mortality.[5]


Age of Mother
Risk of Down Syndrome
Risk of Any Chromosomal Abnormality
20
1 in 1667
1 in 526
21
1 in 1667
1 in 526
22
1 in 1429
1 in 500
23
1 in 1429
1 in 500
24
1 in 1250
1 in 476
25
1 in 1250
1 in 476
26
1 in 1176
1 in 476
27
1 in 1111
1 in 455
28
1 in 1053
1 in 435
29
1 in 1000
1 in 417
30
1 in 952
1 in 384
31
1 in 909
1 in 384
32
1 in 769
1 in 323
33
1 in 625
1 in 286
34
1 in 500
1 in 238
35
1 in 385
1 in 192
36
1 in 294
1 in 156
37
1 in 227
1 in 127
38
1 in 175
1 in 102
39
1 in 137
1 in 83
40
1 in 106
1 in 66
41
1 in 82
1 in 53
42
1 in 64
1 in 42
43
1 in 50
1 in 33
44
1 in 38
1 in 26
45
1 in 30
1 in 21
46
1 in 23
1 in 16
47
1 in 18
1 in 13
48
1 in 14
1 in 10
49
1 in 11
1 in 8

References

  1. <pubmed>6455611</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>6220164</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>6891368</pubmed>
  4. <pubmed>19278291</pubmed>| PLoS Medicine
  5. <pubmed>18437509</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed>19050929</pubmed>

"We examined the association between maternal age and chromosome 21 nondisjunction by origin of the meiotic error. We analyzed data from two population-based, case-control studies: Atlanta Down Syndrome Project (1989-1999) and National Down Syndrome Project (2001-2004). Cases were live born infants with trisomy 21 and controls were infants without trisomy 21 delivered in the same geographical regions. We enrolled 1,215 of 1,881 eligible case families and 1,375 of 2,293 controls. We report four primary findings. First, the significant association between advanced maternal age and chromosome 21 nondisjunction was restricted to meiotic errors in the egg; the association was not observed in sperm or in post-zygotic mitotic errors. Second, advanced maternal age was significantly associated with both meiosis I (MI) and meiosis II (MII). For example, compared to mothers of controls, mothers of infants with trisomy 21 due to MI nondisjunction were 8.5 times more likely to be >or=40 years old than 20-24 years old at the birth of the index case (95% CI=5.6-12.9). Where nondisjunction occurred in MII, mothers were 15.1 times more likely to be >or=40 years (95% CI = 8.4-27.3). Third, the ratio of MI to MII errors differed by maternal age. The ratio was lower among women <19 years of age and those >or=40 years (2.1, 2.3, respectively) and higher in the middle age group (3.6). Lastly, we found no effect of grand-maternal age on the risk for maternal nondisjunction. This study emphasizes the complex association between advanced maternal age and nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during oogenesis."

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Genetic risk maternal age. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Genetic_risk_maternal_age

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G