Foundations Quiz: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:29, 11 February 2019

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-Here are a few simple questions that relate to your introduction to embryology lecture and practical.
+{{FoundationsLab pages}}
+[[File:Logo-quizz.gif|right]]
+<br><br>
+Here are a few simple questions that relate to your introduction to embryology lecture and practical, this page is not a part of today's Practical class.
+'''You should try in your own time after completing the Practical today.'''
---[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 15:58, 24 April 2010 (EST) This is currently only a template page, I have yet to set the questions.
 ==Take the Quiz==
 <quiz display=shuffle>
-{I know what I need to know for embryology.
+{I already really know all I need to know about embryology.
 |type="()"}
 - true
 + false
-|| If you said '''true''', how can that be, as we have not yet begun to explore the topic. You clearly don't understand enough to answer this first question corrctly.
+|| If you said '''true''', how can that be, as we have not yet begun to explore this topic in detail. You clearly don't understand enough to even answer this first question correctly.
-{The menstrual cycle is
+{Which of the following statements is most correct about the human menstrual cycle.
 |type="()"}
-- norochord to neural plate to neural tube
+- The menstrual cycle in all women is a 28 day reproductive cycle
-- neural tube to neural plate to neural groove
+- Ovulation always occurs at the midpoint of the menstrual cycle
-+ neural plate to neural groove to neural tube
+- The menstrual cycle's main function is to regularly replace the lining of the uterus
-- neural plate to neural crest to neural zone
+- A high body temperature indicates ovulation is occurring
-||The sequence '''neural plate to neural groove to neural tube''' represents the gradual folding of a flat surface sheet of ectodermal cells into a closed tube isolated from the embryo surface. The '''notochord''' is part of the mesoderm and regulates the initial overlying differentiation process. The '''neural crest''' are a population at the edge of the neural plate that do not get incorporated into the neural tube. I think I made up '''neural zone'''.
++ The menstrual cycle is an endocrine cycle regulating reproductive physiological changes
+||The menstrual cycle is variable amongst women and also within an individual, the "28 days" is an average time course. Like the cycle itself, the time of ovulation can vary anywhere between day 10 - day 19. The uterine lining (functional layer) is replaced ever cycle, though this would not be considered the main function of the cycle. The body temperature does increase at ovulation, but it remains high even after this point, it is the time of change that indicates ovulation.
-{The neural plate is narrower at the caudal (tail) end and therefore closes earlier than the broad cranial (head) end.
+{Most pregnancies can be detected by pregnancy tests soon after fertilization.
 |type="()"}
 - true
 + false
-|| The caudal or posterior neuropore closes after the cranial or anterior neuropore.
+|| Following fertilization, at least 1 to 2 weeks of development must occur before implantation commences, it is only after implantation that regnancy tests work.
+{Which of the following  statements is correct about the zona pellucida:
+|type="()"}
+- surrounds the oocyte in the ovary
+- protects oocyte in the uterine tube
+- is a specialized extracellular matrix
+- is important for fertilization
++ all of the above
+||Yes, the [[Z#zona pellucida|zona pellucida]] has many different functions at different times of oocyte development, fertilization and in the first week of development.
+{Pregnancy tests generally are based upon the detection in maternal urine of:
+|type="()"}
+- Estrogen
+- Progesterone
+- human Chorionic Somatommotropin
++ human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
+- human Chorionic Corticotropin
+||Estrogen  and Progesterone are made in the ovary and support the endometrium. human Chorionic Somatommotropin (or placental lactogen, stimulate maternal mammary development) and human Chorionic Corticotropin are both made by the placenta later in development.
+{The most correct sequence of early development following fertilization is:
+|type="()"}
++ zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst
+- oocyte, zygote, morula, blastocyst
+- zygote, conceptus, blastocyst
+- polar bodies, zygote, conceptus, blastocyst
+||The '''oocyte''' is present before fertilization, the '''conceptus''' refers to all the products of fertilization and is not a developmental stage, '''polar bodies''' are small exclusion bodies enclosing the excess DNA from oocyte meiosis. I did not discuss in detail '''blastomeres'''  a term often used to describe the first cells formed from zygote mitosis.
+{Which process in the third week of development converts the embryonic disc into the trilaminar embryo.
+|type="()"}
+- placentation
++ gastrulation
+- neuralation
+- somitogenesis
+- embryonic disc folding
+||Gastrulation, meaning gut formation, converts the early embryonic disc into the trilaminar or 3 germ layer embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).
+{The second and third trimesters cover the fetal period of development.
+|type="()"}
++ true
+- false
+|| The second and third trimesters are the period of fetal (foetal) development. Yes I know, in the first trimester after week 8, this is also the early fetal period.
-{The correct sequence from cranial to caudal of the secondary brain vesicles is:
+{Which of these statements about environmentally derived abnormal development is incorrect:
 |type="()"}
-- prosencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon, rhombencephalon
+- bacterial and viral infections can sometimes not affect development
-- telencephalon, diencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, myelencephalon
++ a specific environmental insult will result in a specific abnormal development outcome
-+ telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
+- the first trimester is the most sensitive period to environmental insults
-- prosencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, myelencephalon, metencephalon
+- some prescription drugs can lead to abnormal development outcomes
-||The '''prosencephalon''' and '''rhombencephalon''' are primary brain vesicles. The others are distractors using your lack of understanding of what the terms mean.
+- rubella virus infection during pregnancy has serious abnormal development outcomes
+||While we know that "specific environmental insults" can be associated with defects in specific systems, there are many other variables (time, dose, maternal status, synergistic and antagonistic factors, other) which can affect the final developmental outcome.
+{Which of the following statements about Figure 1 (shown below) is most correct:
+|type="()"}
+-  figure 1 shows a normal female karyotype
+-  figure 1 shows all human chromosomes
++  figure 1 shows a metaphase spread of a human genome
+-  figure 1 shows an abnormality of mitosis
+||This is a metaphase spread of a female with [[Trisomy 21|trisomy 21]] (Down syndrome), though abnormal it is still a human genome (just not the normal human genome). It is not the normal female karyotype (number and appearance of chromosomes) and does not show the Y chromosome (as this is female XX). This is the most common human genetic abnormality and the additional chromosome is thought to occur due to incorrect meiosis.
 </quiz>
-{{Template:Quizzes}}
+{| border='0px'
+|-
+| [[File:Trisomy21female.jpg|500px|Figure 1]]
+|-
+| '''Figure 1'''
+|}
+<br><br>
+{{FoundationLab}}
 [[Category:Quiz]] [[Category:Medicine]] [[Category:Foundations]]

	The menstrual cycle in all women is a 28 day reproductive cycle
	Ovulation always occurs at the midpoint of the menstrual cycle
	The menstrual cycle's main function is to regularly replace the lining of the uterus
	A high body temperature indicates ovulation is occurring
	The menstrual cycle is an endocrine cycle regulating reproductive physiological changes

	surrounds the oocyte in the ovary
	protects oocyte in the uterine tube
	is a specialized extracellular matrix
	is important for fertilization
	all of the above

	Estrogen
	Progesterone
	human Chorionic Somatommotropin
	human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
	human Chorionic Corticotropin

	zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst
	oocyte, zygote, morula, blastocyst
	zygote, conceptus, blastocyst
	polar bodies, zygote, conceptus, blastocyst

Point added for a correct answer:
Points for an incorrect answer:
Ignore the questions' coefficients:

	placentation
	gastrulation
	neuralation
	somitogenesis
	embryonic disc folding

	bacterial and viral infections can sometimes not affect development
	a specific environmental insult will result in a specific abnormal development outcome
	the first trimester is the most sensitive period to environmental insults
	some prescription drugs can lead to abnormal development outcomes
	rubella virus infection during pregnancy has serious abnormal development outcomes

	figure 1 shows a normal female karyotype
	figure 1 shows all human chromosomes
	figure 1 shows a metaphase spread of a human genome
	figure 1 shows an abnormality of mitosis