Foundations Practical - Neonatal: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:30, 18 April 2012

Newborn Infant

Newborn

Some essential systems come online, others continue to develop.

The neonatal period is about the transition from an interuterine placenta and maternally supported life to life to relatively independent life in the external environment.

In developing a broad understanding of the neonatal period you need to think about the two different environments and the effects of loss of placental support. Also remember that substantial postnatal development still has to occur postnatally in the musculoskeletal, nervous and immune systems.

Birth

The median duration of gestation for first births from assumed ovulation to delivery was 274 days (just over 39 weeks). For multiple births, the median duration of pregnancy was 269 days (38.4 weeks).

Newborn Homoeostasis

The newborn has to establish:

lung function
circulatory changes
thermoregulation
endocrine function
nutrition
gastrointestinal tract function
waste
kidney function

Birth Weight

The primary causes of VLBW are premature birth (born <37 weeks gestation, and often <30 weeks) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), usually due to problems with placenta, maternal health, or to birth defects. Many VLBW babies with IUGR are preterm and thus are both physically small and physiologically immature.

Birth weight (grams)	less 500	500 – 999	1,000 – 1,499	1,500 – 1,999	2,000 – 2,499	2,500 – 2,999	3,000 – 3,499	3,500 – 3,999	4,000 – 4,499	4,500 – 4,999	5,000 or more
Classification	Extremely Low Birth Weight		Very Low Birth Weight	Low Birth Weight		Normal Birth Weight			High Birth Weight

Australian Birth

Now briefly consider the current Australian trends in birth and the new reproductive technologies available.

Maternal Changes

Puerperium - six weeks following birth, maternal reproductive organs and physiology return to pre-pregnancy state.
Involution - process of tissue catabolism of uterus.
Lochia - uterine (placental) discharge, blood plus mucous, continues for about 4 weeks.
Mammary - glandular development and function.

Newborn Brain Changes

Complex and ongoing processes of neurological development continue postnatally.

This can be seen at the very basic level by the increase in overall brain weight.

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Foundations Practical - Neonatal. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Foundations_Practical_-_Neonatal

What Links Here?

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 * waste
 * kidney function
+==Birth Weight==
+The primary causes of VLBW are premature birth (born <37 weeks gestation, and often <30 weeks) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), usually due to problems with placenta, maternal health, or to birth defects. Many VLBW babies with IUGR are preterm and thus are both physically small and physiologically immature.
+{|
+|-
+| '''Birth weight''' (grams)
+| less 500
+| 500 – 999
+| 1,000 – 1,499
+| 1,500 – 1,999
+| 2,000 – 2,499
+| 2,500 – 2,999
+| 3,000 – 3,499
+| 3,500 – 3,999
+| 4,000 – 4,499
+| 4,500 – 4,999
+| 5,000 or more
+|-
+| '''Classification'''
+| bgcolor= "IndianRed" colspan="2" | Extremely Low Birth Weight
+| bgcolor= "DarkSalmon" colspan="1" | Very Low Birth Weight
+| bgcolor= "DarkOrange" colspan="2" | Low Birth Weight
+| bgcolor= "MediumSeaGreen" colspan="3" | Normal Birth Weight
+| bgcolor= "DarkOrange" colspan="3" | High Birth Weight
+|-
+|}
 ==Australian Birth==
@@ Line 31: / Line 61: @@
 [[File:Australian-births_2007.png|400px]] [[File:IVF_cycles_ANZ_1999-2004.jpg|400px]]
 ==Maternal Changes==