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Revision as of 11:09, 20 July 2011
Human Idiogram - X Chromosome Diseases
Idiogram- A drawing or photograph of the chromosomes of a particular cell.
- 155 million base pairs
- In contrast to the Y chromosome, the X chromosome contains about 5% of the haploid genome and encodes house-keeping and specialized functions.
- Genes such as Wnt-4 and DAX-1 necessary for initiation of female pathway ovary development
- An early discovery (1961) was that in order to have correct levels of X chromosome gene/protein expression (gene dosage), females must "inactivate" a single copy of the X chromosome in each and every cell. The initiator of the X inactivation process was discovered (1991) to be regulated by a region on the inactivating X chromosome encoding an X inactive specific transcript (XIST), that acts as RNA and does not encode a protein.
- The genetic content of the X chromosome has been strongly conserved between species because these genes have become adapted to working as a single dose - Ohno's law
- X inactivation occurs randomly throughout the embryo, generating a mosaic of maternal and paternally derived X chromosome activity in all tissues and organs. This can be seen in the fur colour of tortoiseshell cats.
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Idiogram Chromosome Banding - The term refers to the light and dark pattern, seen after staining with a dye, of individual chromosomes identified in metaphase. It is only in meiosis and mitosis during metaphase that chromosomes can be easily identified, during the normal cell life (interphase) the chromosomes are unravelled and distributed within the nucleus in chromosome territories. A band is that part of a chromosome which is clearly distinguishable from nearby regions by appearing darker or brighter with one or more banding techniques. | |
Genetic abnormality locations: 1-4 | 5-8 | 9-12 | 13-16 | 17-20 | 21-XY | sSMC | |
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Links: Genetics | Abnormal Development - Genetic |
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Human idiogram- X chromosome diseases.jpg. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Human_idiogram-_X_chromosome_diseases.jpg
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
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11:00, 20 July 2011 | 239 × 450 (24 KB) | S8600021 (talk | contribs) | ==Human Idiogram - X Chromosome Diseases== Idiogram- A drawing or photograph of the chromosomes of a particular cell. * 155 million base pairs * In contrast to the Y chromosome, the X chromosome contains about 5% of the haploid genome and encodes hou |
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