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The hedgehog signalling pathway as seen in both ''Drosophila'' and mammals. | The hedgehog signalling pathway as seen in both ''Drosophila'' and mammals. The diagram shows the interactions between different proteins, and factors leading to the expression of target genes through a removal of inhibition on the activator forms of Ci and Gli transcriptional factors in ''Drosophila'' and mammals respectively. | ||
==Abbreviations and terms in diagram== | ==Abbreviations and terms in diagram== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:23, 27 October 2016
The hedgehog signalling pathway as seen in both Drosophila and mammals. The diagram shows the interactions between different proteins, and factors leading to the expression of target genes through a removal of inhibition on the activator forms of Ci and Gli transcriptional factors in Drosophila and mammals respectively.
Abbreviations and terms in diagram
| Term | Definition |
| Brother of cdo (Boc) | A surface protein that enhances hedgehog signal transduction through PTC in vertebrates. |
| Brother of ihog (Boi) | A surface protein that enhances hedgehog signal transduction through PTC in Drosophila. |
| Casein kinase I (CKI) | A kinase that is thought to phosphorylate the Smoothened receptor to activate it in the hedgehog signalling pathway. |
| Cdo | A surface protein that enhances hedgehog signal transduction through PTC in vertebrates. |
| Cubitus interruptus (Ci) | A transcription factor found in the hedgehog signalling pathway of Drosophila, which binds to promoter regions on the DNA in the nucleus to activate target genes of the pathway. |
| Costal-2 (Cos2) | A kinesin like protein which interacts with the C terminus of Smoothened and acts like a scaffolding protein and allows proteins such as Fused to bind to it. |
| Dally | An HSPG, which mediates loacalizaiton and transportation of the hedgehog protein to its targets in Drosophila |
| Desert hedgehog (Dhh) | A homolog of the Drosophila hedgehog protein, which is expressed most prominently in the gonads of vertebrates, where it plays a possible role in regulating spermatogenesis. |
| Fused (Fu) | A kinase that binds to Costal-2 and acts to inhbit Suppressor of Fused by phosphorylating it in the hedgehog signalling pathway. |
| Gli | A family of proteins that acts as transcription factors that were originally isolated in human gliboblastoma. The proteins are important mediators in activating target genes for the hedgehog signalling pathway in vertebrates. |
| Glycipan (GPC) | A family of HSPGs which act in the hedgehog signalling pathway of vertebrates to either enhance or inhibit signal transduction depending on the isoform. |
| Hedgehog (Hh) protein | A signalling protein widely expressed in the tissue during embryonic development of vertebrates and some other species such as Drosophila, and acts to pattern and develop tissue. The protein is the primary mediator of the pathway. |
| Heparin sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) | A proteoglycan, which is a heavily glycosolated protein, which in the context of hedgehog signalling is thought to aid in the localization and transport of hedgehog proteins to their targets. |
| Indian hedgehog (Ihh) | A signalling protein that is a homolog of the Drosophila hedgehog protein, that primarily acts in regions where there is endochondrial ossification to aid in the maturation of chondrocytes. |
| Interference hedgehog (Ihog) | A surface protein that enhances hedgehog signal transduction through PTC in Drosophila. |
| Kif7 | A homolog of Costal-2 in vertebrates, which acts to regulate the downstream signalling of the hedgehog pathway by causing the disassociation of SUFU and Gli. |
| Patched (PTC) | Patched is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells that are sensitive to signalling via the hedgehog pathway, where its extracellular domain binds to the hedgehog protein to inactivate it. The receptor it self without hedgehog binding actively inhibits Smoothened. |
| Protein kinase A (PKA) | A kinase that is thought to phosphorylate the Smoothened receptor to activate it in hedgehog signalling. |
| Smoothened (SMO) | A G-protein coupled receptor like receptor integral to the hedgehog signalling pathway and acts to set in motion a series of events that lead to the activation of transcriptional factors that activate target genes of the hedgehog pathway. |
| Sonic hedgehog (Shh) | The most widely expressed homolog of the Drosophila hedgehog protein found in vertebrates, playing a key role in embryonic development of humans. |
| Suppressor of Fused (SUFU) | A protein in the hedgehog signalling pathway which when active, inhibits the translocation of Cubitus interruptus into the nucleus by leading to its phosphorylation, and eventually degradation via the proteosome. |
| Wingless (wg) protein | A protein produced as a downstream target of the hedgehog signalling pathway in Drosophila, which activates the Wnt pathway by binding to the Frizzled receptor. |
Copyright
© 2013 Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0.
Reference
<pubmed>23337587</pubmed>
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