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Gastrointestinal tract immune

Functional anatomy of induction of immune responses by intestinal antigens. Abundant protein antigens and live commensal bacteria are present in the intestine. Antigenic peptides can pass into the bloodstream through one of the tributaries of the hepatic portal vein or are taken up by DCs in the subepithelial region of the Peyer's patches and carried to the MLNs via the afferent lymphatics. Although it is possible for circulating peptides to tolerize T cells in the liver or peripheral lymph nodes, presentation in the MLNs is the dominant tolerogenic pathway. Commensal bacteria are also sampled by intestinal DCs and induce IgA responses in the Peyer's patches; although very small numbers of commensals can be carried to MLN by DC, systemic tolerance to these organisms is not induced. Because the commensal laden DCs do not penetrate further than the MLN, the systemic immune system is protected from unwanted priming reactions from live bacteria.

Reference

<pubmed>16533891</pubmed>| PMC2118258 | J Exp Med.

Published March 20, 2006 // JEM vol. 203 no. 3 497-500 The Rockefeller University Press, doi: 10.1084/jem.20060227

Figure 2. modified in size and labelling.

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