File:Development of the Semilunar Valves.jpg: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:23, 27 October 2017

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Development of the leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary valves. The semilunar valves arise from the conotruncal and intercalated cushions of the outflow tract. The conotruncal (superior and inferior septal) cushions give rise to the right and left leaflets of each of the semilunar valves. In the aorta, these are the right and left coronary leaflets, while in the pulmonary valve, these are the right and left cusps. The right-posterior and the left-anterior intercalated cushions develop respectively into the posterior aortic (non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve) and the anterior pulmonic (anterior cusp of the pulmonic valve) leaflets. Abbreviations: AL, anterior leaflet; APIC, anterior pulmonary intercalated cushion; CA, coronary artery; ISC, inferior septal cushion; LL, left leaflet; LCL, left coronary leaflet; NCL, non-coronary leaflet; PAIC, posterior aortic intercalated cushion; RCL, right coronary leaflet, RL, right leaflet

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Online Editor - this is the correct copyright statement from the paper - © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	16:27, 25 October 2017		1,050 × 695 (105 KB)	Z5059996 (talk \| contribs)	Description: Development of the leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary valves. The semilunar valves arise from the conotruncal and intercalated cushions of the outflow tract. The conotruncal (superior and inferior septal) cushions give rise to the right...

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Author	Peter S. Martin, Benjamin Kloesel, Russell A. Norris, Mark Lindsay, David Milan, Simon C. Body
Image title	Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular heart defect with an overall frequency of 0.5%–1.2%. BAVs result from abnormal aortic cusp formation during valvulogenesis, whereby adjacent cusps fuse into a single large cusp resulting in two, instead of the normal three, aortic cusps. Individuals with BAV are at increased risk for ascending aortic disease, aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. The frequent occurrence of BAV and its anatomically discrete but frequent co-existing diseases leads us to suspect a common cellular origin. Although autosomal-dominant transmission of BAV has been observed in a few pedigrees, notably involving the gene NOTCH1, no single-gene model clearly explains BAV inheritance, implying a complex genetic model involving interacting genes. Several sequencing studies in patients with BAV have identified rare and uncommon mutations in genes of cardiac embryogenesis. But the extensive cell-cell signaling and multiple cellular origins involved in cardiac embryogenesis preclude simplistic explanations of this disease. In this review, we examine the series of events from cellular and transcriptional embryogenesis of the heart, to development of the aortic valve.
Orientation	Normal
Horizontal resolution	150 dpi
Vertical resolution	150 dpi
Software used	Adobe Photoshop CS3 Windows
File change date and time	10:44, 5 November 2016
Colour space	Uncalibrated
Width	4,200 px
Height	2,781 px
Number of components	1
Image width	1,050 px
Image height	695 px
Bits per component	8
Date and time of digitising	16:14, 5 November 2016
Date metadata was last modified	16:14, 5 November 2016
Short title	Embryonic Development of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Keywords	bicuspid aortic valve heart development congenital heart disease aortic valve aortic stenosis aortic incompetence

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Description:
+===Description===
 Development of the leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary valves. The semilunar valves arise from the conotruncal and intercalated cushions of the outflow tract. The conotruncal (superior and inferior septal) cushions give rise to the right and left leaflets of each of the semilunar valves. In the aorta, these are the right and left coronary leaflets, while in the pulmonary valve, these are the right and left cusps. The right-posterior and the left-anterior intercalated cushions develop respectively into the posterior aortic (non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve) and the anterior pulmonic (anterior cusp of the pulmonic valve) leaflets. Abbreviations: AL, anterior leaflet; APIC, anterior pulmonary intercalated cushion; CA, coronary artery; ISC, inferior septal cushion; LL, left leaflet; LCL, left coronary leaflet; NCL, non-coronary leaflet; PAIC, posterior aortic intercalated cushion; RCL, right coronary leaflet, RL, right leaflet
-Reference:
+===Reference===
+<pubmed>PMC5438177</pubmed>
-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5438177/
+===Copyright===
+All articles published by MDPI before and during 2008 should now be considered as having been released under the post-2008 Creative Commons Attribution License.
-Copyright:
+This means that all articles published in MDPI journals, including data, graphics, and supplements, can be linked from external sources, scanned by search engines, re-used by text mining applications or websites, blogs, etc. free of charge under the sole condition of proper accreditation of the source and original publisher
-All articles published by MDPI before and during 2008 should now be considered as having been released under the post-2008 Creative Commons Attribution License.
-This means that all articles published in MDPI journals, including data, graphics, and supplements, can be linked from external sources, scanned by search engines, re-used by text mining applications or websites, blogs, etc. free of charge under the sole condition of proper accreditation of the source and original publisher.
+{{Online Editor}} - this is the correct copyright statement  from the paper - © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
+{{Template:Student Image}}