Endocrine - Placenta Development: Difference between revisions
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:'''Links:''' [http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/thinblueline/index.html NIH - The History of the Pregnancy Test] | :'''Links:''' [[Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin]] | [http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/thinblueline/index.html NIH - The History of the Pregnancy Test] | ||
==Placental Estrogen== | ==Placental Estrogen== |
Revision as of 16:46, 30 May 2017
Embryology - 23 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
For complete notes on placenta development and function see Placenta Development.
Lecture - Placenta Development
Placenta Links: placenta | Lecture - Placenta | Lecture Movie | Practical - Placenta | implantation | placental villi | trophoblast | maternal decidua | uterus | endocrine placenta | placental cord | placental membranes | placenta abnormalities | ectopic pregnancy | Stage 13 | Stage 22 | placenta histology | placenta vascular | blood vessel | cord stem cells | 2013 Meeting Presentation | Placenta Terms | Category:Placenta | ||
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- Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) - like leutenizing hormone, supports corpus luteum in ovary, pregnant state rather than menstrual, maternal urine in some pregnancy testing
- Human chorionic somatommotropin (hCS) - or placental lactogen stimulate (maternal) mammary development
- Human chorionic thyrotropin (hCT)
- Human chorionic corticotropin (hCACTH)
- progesterone and estrogens - support maternal endometrium
- Relaxin
- Placenta - Maternal (decidua) and Fetal (trophoblastic cells, extraembryonic mesoderm) components
- Endocrine function - maternal and fetal precursors, synthesis and secretion
- Protein Hormones - chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) or placental lactogen (hPL), chorionic thyrotropin (hCT), chorionic corticotropin (hCACTH)
- hCG - up to 20 weeks, fetal adrenal cortex growth and maintenance
- hCS – rise through pregnancy, stimulates maternal metabolic processes, breast growth
- Steroid Hormones - progesterone (maintains pregnancy), estrogens (fetal adrenal/placenta)
- Protein Hormones - chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) or placental lactogen (hPL), chorionic thyrotropin (hCT), chorionic corticotropin (hCACTH)
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) like leutenizing hormone, supports corpus luteum in ovary, pregnant state rather than menstrual.
Presence in the maternal urine is the basis of some pregnancy testing.
Trophoblast cell hCG
Placental Estrogen
Fetal adrenal cortex produces dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) that is converted by the placenta into estrogens[5][6] Placental estrogen, mainly estriol, suppresses gonadotropin secretion from the maternal pituitary gland. Maternal estrogen levels are often a useful indicator of fetal well being.
- Uterus - stimulates growth of the myometrium, antagonizes the myometrial-suppressing activity of progesterone.
- Mammary Gland - stimulates mammary gland ductal and alveolar growth.
- Fetal Ovary - stimulates development of female fetal ovary.[7]
A second role for fetal adrenal DHEA-S is possible regulation of the effects of glucocorticoids on the developing brain.[2]
- Links: Adrenal Development
Relaxin
The placenta and corpus luteum produce relaxin, a 6 kDa peptide hormone structurally similar to insulin. The hormone stimulates in early pregnancy both uterine growth and vascularization associated with implantation. It is also postulated to have other roles in the menstrual cycle[8]
- Links: Implantation
References
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>23697929</pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>12914725</pubmed>
Articles
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- Endocrine Development - All (14277) Review (4620) Free Full Text (3140)
Search Pubmed: endocrine placenta development
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External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- National Institutes of Health (USA) Office of History - The History of the Pregnancy Test | of Pregnancy Testing
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Endocrine - Placenta Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_-_Placenta_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G