Endocrine - Parathyroid Development: Difference between revisions

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* mammary gland development - epithelial-mesenchymal interactions<ref>Parathyroid hormone-related protein: a developmental regulatory molecule necessary for mammary gland development. Dunbar ME, Wysolmerski JJ. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1999 Jan;4(1):21-34. Review. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10219904 PMID: 10219904]</ref>
* mammary gland development - epithelial-mesenchymal interactions<ref>Parathyroid hormone-related protein: a developmental regulatory molecule necessary for mammary gland development. Dunbar ME, Wysolmerski JJ. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1999 Jan;4(1):21-34. Review. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10219904 PMID: 10219904]</ref>
* chondrocyte differentiation<ref>Parathyroid hormone-related protein regulates glioma-associated oncogene transcriptional activation: lessons learned from bone development and cartilage neoplasia. Alman BA, Wunder JS. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Nov;1144:36-41. Review. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19076361 PMID: 19076361]</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 19:38, 25 April 2010

Introduction

Parathyroid adult

The parathyroid gland appears in the adult as a pair of inferior and a pair of superior "bumps" on the beside the (dorsal) thyroid (hence the name, "para"). The embryonic origin of this gland is from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches endoderm, and could also have ectoderm and neural crest contributions.

At 6 weeks a diverticulum elongates from the pouch, initially hollow and then solidifynig with cell proliferation.

Interestingly, the inferior parathyroid originates from the third pharyngeal pouch and the superior arises from the fourth pharyngeal pouch, the adult anatomical position is the opposite of the pharyngeal rostro-caudal order. This occurs due to the third pharyngeal pouch also giving rise to the thymus, the superior pair descend along with the thymus.

The fetal parathyroids appear functional as they respond to calcium levels. The fetal calcium levels also higher than maternal levels.

Endocrine Links: Introduction | BGD Lecture | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | pineal | hypothalamus‎ | pituitary | thyroid | parathyroid | thymus | pancreas | adrenal | endocrine gonad‎ | endocrine placenta | other tissues | Stage 22 | endocrine abnormalities | Hormones | Category:Endocrine
Historic Embryology - Endocrine  
1903 Islets of Langerhans | 1903 Pig Adrenal | 1904 interstitial Cells | 1908 Pancreas Different Species | 1908 Pituitary | 1908 Pituitary histology | 1911 Rathke's pouch | 1912 Suprarenal Bodies | 1914 Suprarenal Organs | 1915 Pharynx | 1916 Thyroid | 1918 Rabbit Hypophysis | 1920 Adrenal | 1935 Mammalian Hypophysis | 1926 Human Hypophysis | 1927 Adrenal | 1927 Hypophyseal fossa | 1930 Adrenal | 1932 Pineal Gland and Cysts | 1935 Hypophysis | 1935 Pineal | 1937 Pineal | 1935 Parathyroid | 1940 Adrenal | 1941 Thyroid | 1950 Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus | 1957 Adrenal

| Lecture - Head Development | original page

  • Parathyroid Hormone - Increase calcium ions [Ca2+], stimulates osteoclasts, increase Ca GIT absorption (opposite effect to calcitonin)
  • Adult Calcium and Phosphate - Daily turnover in human with dietary intake of 1000 mg/day
  • secreted by chief cells

Principal cells cords of cells

Development Overview

Pharyngeal pouches
  • Endoderm - third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, could also have ectoderm and neural crest
  • 3rd Pharyngeal Pouch - inferior parathyroid, initially descends with thymus
  • 4th Pharyngeal Pouch - superior parathyroid
  • Week 6 - diverticulum elongate, hollow then solid, dorsal cell proliferation
  • Fetal parathyroids - respond to calcium levels, fetal calcium levels higher than maternal


Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein

(PTHrP) Originally identified in the clinical syndrome humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. It's developmental role is that of a regulatory protein expressed during the formation of many organs.

  • mammary gland development - epithelial-mesenchymal interactions[1]
  • chondrocyte differentiation[2]

References

  1. ↑ Parathyroid hormone-related protein: a developmental regulatory molecule necessary for mammary gland development. Dunbar ME, Wysolmerski JJ. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1999 Jan;4(1):21-34. Review. PMID: 10219904
  2. ↑ Parathyroid hormone-related protein regulates glioma-associated oncogene transcriptional activation: lessons learned from bone development and cartilage neoplasia. Alman BA, Wunder JS. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Nov;1144:36-41. Review. PMID: 19076361


Reviews

  • The development of the parathyroid gland: from fish to human. Zajac JD, Danks JA. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2008 Jul;17(4):353-6. Review. PMID: 18660669
  • Parathyroid development and the role of tubulin chaperone E. Parvari R, Diaz GA, Hershkovitz E. Horm Res. 2007;67(1):12-21. Epub 2006 Sep 27. Review. PMID: 17008776
  • Role of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and Indian hedgehog in skeletal development. Jüppner H. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000 Jul;14(7):606-11. Review. PMID: 10912527

Articles

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Additional Images

Adult Histology

  • Parathyroid (low power)

    Parathyroid (low power)

  • Parathyroid (high power)

    Parathyroid (high power)

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 16) Embryology Endocrine - Parathyroid Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_-_Parathyroid_Development

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