Embryology History - Shinya Yamanaka

Introduction

Draft Page

Links: Induced Stem Cells | Stem Cells

Some Recent Findings

Mouse- embryonic stem cell signaling regulation

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was awarded jointly to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"

Recent References | References

Research History

• 1987 - M.D. at Kobe University, worked as a resident in orthopedic surgery at National Osaka Hospital for two years.
• 1993 - Ph.D. in medicine at Osaka City University and moved to the United States as a postdoctoral fellow at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, in San Francisco, CA.
• 1996 - Assistant professor at Osaka City University School of Medicine.
• 1999 - Associate professor at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology.
• 2004 - Professor at Kyoto University.
• 2010 - Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology | Lecture text PDF

Key Paper

Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors

Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):663-76. Epub 2006 Aug 10.

Takahashi K, Yamanaka S.

Source

Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

Abstract

Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state by transfer of nuclear contents into oocytes or by fusion with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Little is known about factors that induce this reprogramming. Here, we demonstrate induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, under ES cell culture conditions. Unexpectedly, Nanog was dispensable. These cells, which we designated iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, exhibit the morphology and growth properties of ES cells and express ES cell marker genes. Subcutaneous transplantation of iPS cells into nude mice resulted in tumors containing a variety of tissues from all three germ layers. Following injection into blastocysts, iPS cells contributed to mouse embryonic development. These data demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from fibroblast cultures by the addition of only a few defined factors.

Comment in

• A transcriptional logic for nuclear reprogramming.
• Achieving pluripotency.

Yamanaka Factors

Yamanaka Factors Are a set of 4 transcription factors when introduced into cells induces stem cell formation. These four transcription factors can be expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors.

OCT4

• Transcription factors containing the POU homeodomain

Links: OMIM - OCT4

SOX2

• Sry-related HMG-Box gene 2

Links: OMIM - SOX2

KLF4

• Kruppel-like factor 4, zinc finger protein, transcription factor which acts as both an activator and repressor.

Links: OMIM - KLF4

cMyc

• The MYC protooncogene encodes a DNA-binding factor that can activate and repress transcription.
• Ectopic expression of c-Myc can also cause tumorigenicity in offspring.

Links: OMIM - MYC

• More recently shown that Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells.
• Tbx3 transcription factor significantly improves the quality of iPS cells.

Links: Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

References

Reviews

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Articles

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Journal of Visualized Experiments - Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Search PubMed

Search PubMed Now: ** Yamanaka+S | induced pluripotent stem cell |

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

• 2010 Kyoto Prize Laureate in Advanced Technology | Commemorative Lecture text PDF
• 2009 ScienceWatch interview

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Embryology History - Shinya Yamanaka. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Embryology_History_-_Shinya_Yamanaka

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G