Embryology History - John Gurdon: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:24, 11 October 2012

Introduction

John Gurdon

John Gurdon in 1962 used nuclear transplantation and cloning to show that the nucleus of a differentiated somatic cell retains the totipotency necessary to form a whole organism.

(Born 1933)

2003 Current Biology Interview PMID 14521852 2009 Interview - "The birth of cloning" PMID 19132124

Links: Frog Development | Stem Cells | Shinya Yamanaka

Some Recent Findings

Xenopus androgenetic haploids, hybrids and cybrids^[1]

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was awarded jointly to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka

"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"

Deficient induction response in a Xenopus nucleocytoplasmic hybrid^[1] "Incompatibilities between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of sufficiently distant species result in developmental arrest of hybrid and nucleocytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) embryos. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain their lethality, including problems in embryonic genome activation (EGA) and/or nucleo-mitochondrial interactions. ... Altogether, our study demonstrates that the egg cytoplasm of one species may not support the development promoted by the nucleus of another species, even if this nucleus does not interfere with the cytoplasmic/maternal functions of the egg, while the egg cytoplasm is also capable of activating the genome of that nucleus. Instead, our results provide evidence that inefficient signalling and differences in the concentrations of key proteins between species lead to developmental defects in cybrids. Finally, they show that the incompatibilities of cybrids can be corrected by appropriate treatments."
Nuclear actin polymerization is required for transcriptional reprogramming of Oct4 by oocytes^[2] "Amphibian oocytes can rapidly and efficiently reprogram the transcription of transplanted somatic nuclei. ...Here, we found that nuclear actin polymerization plays an essential part in the transcriptional reactivation of the pluripotency gene Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1). We also found that an actin signaling protein, Toca-1, enhances Oct4 reactivation by regulating nuclear actin polymerization. Toca-1 overexpression has an effect on the chromatin state of transplanted nuclei, including the enhanced binding of nuclear actin to gene regulatory regions. This is the first report showing that naturally stored actin in an oocyte nucleus helps transcriptional reprogramming in a polymerization-dependent manner."

Recent References | References

Research History

Frog eggs

2012 - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 awarded jointly with Sir John B. Gurdon "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent".

Key Papers

Detached-cell method of transplanting nuclei

Historic Embryologists

Related Histology Researchers
Santiago Ramón y Cajal \| Camillo Golgi

References

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↑ <pubmed>21536734</pubmed>

Reviews

Articles

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Terms

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute is part of Cambridge University with funding from the listed two main sponsors, and other sources, supports research into the complementary areas of Cancer and Developmental Biology.
John Gurdon - Research Lab
Berkeley interview March 16, 2006 | YouTube

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Embryology History - John Gurdon. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Embryology_History_-_John_Gurdon

What Links Here?

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[PMID21536734-2] <pubmed>21536734</pubmed>

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 ==Key Papers==
+[[File:Detached-cell method of transplanting nuclei.jpg|thumb|300px|Detached-cell method of transplanting nuclei]]
 ==Historic Embryologists==