Embryology History - Franklin Mall: Difference between revisions

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{{Template:Carnegie stages}} | [[Carnegie_Stages#Carnegie_Human_Embryo_Glossary|Glossary Carnegie Collection]]
{{Template:Carnegie stages}} | [[Carnegie_Stages#Carnegie_Human_Embryo_Glossary|Glossary Carnegie Collection]]


==Nature - Obituary Notice==
Prof. Franklin P. Mall
:"ALL who are interested in the progress of biology will learn with deep regret of the sudden death of Dr. Franklin P. Mall, of Johns Hopkins University, at the age of fifty-five. It was chiefly owing to his precepts and example that, in little more than a score of years, a complete revolution was wrought in the anatomical departments attached to medical schools throughout the length and breadth of the United States. Dissecting-rooms were changed from places in which routine teaching and perfunctory investigation were carried on to laboratories where exact methods were applied to the elucidation of definite problems. Prof. Mall was thirty-one years of age when he returned in 1893 from a long course of study under the late Prof. His, of Leipzig, to become the first professor of anatomy in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He designed his own department, selecting a slimly built, cheap, brick construction, and settled down with his students to combine study with research. He devoted himself to embryological and microscopic investigations, reconstructing his results in the exact model methods practised by Prof. His. His writings cover the whole field of embryology, every contribution representing a permanent addition to knowledge. His pupils left him to fill the various chairs of anatomy as they fell vacant, and carried to their new departments the methods and spirit they had imbibed from Franklin Mall. He took a leading-part in the foundation of the excellent journals which have been established in the United States for the publication of anatomical investigations the American Journal of Anatomy, the Anatomical Record, and the Journal of Morphology. He pursued the study of human embryology in a more systematic manner than has ever been accomplished by any other man."
:'''Links:''' [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v100/n2513/abs/100328a0.html Nature (27 December 1917)]


==Manual of Human Embryology==
==Manual of Human Embryology==
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==Nature - Obituary Notice==


Prof. Franklin P. Mall
===Studies on abortuses: a survey of pathologic oya in the carnegie embryological collection===
 
By Franklin Paine Mall and Arthur William Meyer. (24 plates, 5 text-figures, and 1 chart)
 
[[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56|No.56 Studies on abortuses: a survey of pathologic oya in the carnegie embryological collection]]


:"ALL who are interested in the progress of biology will learn with deep regret of the sudden death of Dr. Franklin P. Mall, of Johns Hopkins University, at the age of fifty-five. It was chiefly owing to his precepts and example that, in little more than a score of years, a complete revolution was wrought in the anatomical departments attached to medical schools throughout the length and breadth of the United States. Dissecting-rooms were changed from places in which routine teaching and perfunctory investigation were carried on to laboratories where exact methods were applied to the elucidation of definite problems. Prof. Mall was thirty-one years of age when he returned in 1893 from a long course of study under the late Prof. His, of Leipzig, to become the first professor of anatomy in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He designed his own department, selecting a slimly built, cheap, brick construction, and settled down with his students to combine study with research. He devoted himself to embryological and microscopic investigations, reconstructing his results in the exact model methods practised by Prof. His. His writings cover the whole field of embryology, every contribution representing a permanent addition to knowledge. His pupils left him to fill the various chairs of anatomy as they fell vacant, and carried to their new departments the methods and spirit they had imbibed from Franklin Mall. He took a leading-part in the foundation of the excellent journals which have been established in the United States for the publication of anatomical investigations the American Journal of Anatomy, the Anatomical Record, and the Journal of Morphology. He pursued the study of human embryology in a more systematic manner than has ever been accomplished by any other man."
:[[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-1|Chapter 1]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-2|Chapter 2]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-3|Chapter 3]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-4|Chapter 4]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-5|Chapter 5]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-6|Chapter 6]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-7|Chapter 7]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-8|Chapter 8]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-9|Chapter 9]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-10|Chapter 10]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-11|Chapter 11]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-12|Chapter 12]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-13|Chapter 13]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-14|Chapter 14]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-15|Chapter 15]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-16|Chapter 16]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-17|Chapter 17]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56-18|Chapter 18]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56 Bibliography|Bibliography]] | [[Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.56 Figures|Figures]]


:'''Links:''' [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v100/n2513/abs/100328a0.html Nature (27 December 1917)]


==Report Upon the Collection of Human Embryos at the John Hopkins University==
==Report Upon the Collection of Human Embryos at the John Hopkins University==

Revision as of 10:19, 19 November 2012

Introduction

Franklin Mall (1911)
Historic Marker

Franklin P. Mall (1862-1917) is most remembered for his work done at the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institute of Washington. Mall began collecting human embryos while a postgraduate student in Lepzig with Wilhelm His, but didn't receive the first Carnegie specimen until his position at Johns Hopkins University.

Surprizingly age and size proves a poor way to organize embryos. It is very difficult to accurately age an embryo, and it could shrink a full 50% in the preserving fluids. Mall took it upon himself to find a better way. He had more success basing his "staging" scheme on morphological characteristics. To that end, Mall and his colleagues not only prepared and preserved serial sections of the embryos, they also made hundreds of three-dimensional models at different stages of growth.

According to Adrianne Noe, who manages the collection at the National Museum of Health and Medicine, Mall gathered the most renowned scientists, scholars, artists, photographers, and craftspeople ever to apply their interests and skills to embryology.

One of the first to be hired, in 1913, was modeler Osborne O. Heard, who spent 42 years at the department and made over 700 wax-based reconstructions. The results of this team effort still stand as the international standard by which human embryos are described and classified.

(Above text and information about the collection is modifed from the original Carnegie Institute website)

The embryo collection is now held at the National Museum of Health and Medicine, located at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. the Carnegie collection is still available for use by researchers.


Franklin Mall Links: Franklin Mall | 1891 26 Day Human Embryo | 1905 Blood-Vessels of the Brain | 1906 Human Ossification | 1910 Manual of Human Embryology 1 | 1912 Manual of Human Embryology 2 | 1911 Mall Human Embryo Collection | 1912 Heart Development | 1915 Tubal Pregnancy | 1916 Human Magma in Normal and Pathological Development | 1917 Frequency Human Abnormalities | 1917 Human Embryo Cyclopia | 1918 Embryo Age | 1918 Appreciation | 1934 Franklin Mall biography PDF | Mall photograph | Mall painting | Mall painting | Carnegie Stages | Carnegie Embryos | Carnegie Collection | Category:Franklin Mall


Embryologists: William Hunter | Wilhelm Roux | Caspar Wolff | Wilhelm His | Oscar Hertwig | Julius Kollmann | Hans Spemann | Francis Balfour | Charles Minot | Ambrosius Hubrecht | Charles Bardeen | Franz Keibel | Franklin Mall | Florence Sabin | George Streeter | George Corner | James Hill | Jan Florian | Thomas Bryce | Thomas Morgan | Ernest Frazer | Francisco Orts-Llorca | José Doménech Mateu | Frederic Lewis | Arthur Meyer | Robert Meyer | Erich Blechschmidt | Klaus Hinrichsen | Hideo Nishimura | Arthur Hertig | John Rock | Viktor Hamburger | Mary Lyon | Nicole Le Douarin | Robert Winston | Fabiola Müller | Ronan O'Rahilly | Robert Edwards | John Gurdon | Shinya Yamanaka | Embryology History | Category:People
Related Histology Researchers  
Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Camillo Golgi


Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline | Glossary Carnegie Collection

Nature - Obituary Notice

Prof. Franklin P. Mall

"ALL who are interested in the progress of biology will learn with deep regret of the sudden death of Dr. Franklin P. Mall, of Johns Hopkins University, at the age of fifty-five. It was chiefly owing to his precepts and example that, in little more than a score of years, a complete revolution was wrought in the anatomical departments attached to medical schools throughout the length and breadth of the United States. Dissecting-rooms were changed from places in which routine teaching and perfunctory investigation were carried on to laboratories where exact methods were applied to the elucidation of definite problems. Prof. Mall was thirty-one years of age when he returned in 1893 from a long course of study under the late Prof. His, of Leipzig, to become the first professor of anatomy in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He designed his own department, selecting a slimly built, cheap, brick construction, and settled down with his students to combine study with research. He devoted himself to embryological and microscopic investigations, reconstructing his results in the exact model methods practised by Prof. His. His writings cover the whole field of embryology, every contribution representing a permanent addition to knowledge. His pupils left him to fill the various chairs of anatomy as they fell vacant, and carried to their new departments the methods and spirit they had imbibed from Franklin Mall. He took a leading-part in the foundation of the excellent journals which have been established in the United States for the publication of anatomical investigations the American Journal of Anatomy, the Anatomical Record, and the Journal of Morphology. He pursued the study of human embryology in a more systematic manner than has ever been accomplished by any other man."
Links: Nature (27 December 1917)

Manual of Human Embryology

Keibel Mall 1910.jpg

by Franz Keibel and Franklin P. Mall (1910)

   Manual of Human Embryology I 1910: The Germ Cells | Fertilization | Segmentation | First Primitive Segment | Gastrulation | External Form | Placenta | Human Embryo and Fetus Age | Ovum Pathology | Integument | Skeleton and Connective Tissues | Muscular System | Coelom and Diaphragm | Figures | Manual of Human Embryology 1 | Manual of Human Embryology 2 | Franz Keibel | Franklin Mall | Embryology History


A Human Embryo Twenty-Six Days Old

Mall1891 Plate02Fig01.jpg

A Human Embryo Twenty-Six Days Old Journal of Morphology (1891) vol. 5. pp459-480.


Studies on abortuses: a survey of pathologic oya in the carnegie embryological collection

By Franklin Paine Mall and Arthur William Meyer. (24 plates, 5 text-figures, and 1 chart)

No.56 Studies on abortuses: a survey of pathologic oya in the carnegie embryological collection

Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6 | Chapter 7 | Chapter 8 | Chapter 9 | Chapter 10 | Chapter 11 | Chapter 12 | Chapter 13 | Chapter 14 | Chapter 15 | Chapter 16 | Chapter 17 | Chapter 18 | Bibliography | Figures


Report Upon the Collection of Human Embryos at the John Hopkins University

Report Upon the Collection of Human Embryos at the John Hopkins University

Mall, F.P. The Anatomical Record Volume 5, Issue 7, pages 343–357, July 1911

  • 533 specimens recorded under 500 numbers
    • 335 normal specimens
    • 198 pathological
  • under 8 mm in length, under six weeks old
    • 50 normal embryos
    • 105 pathological
  • 9 and 25 mm
    • 133 normal embryos
    • 66 pathological

Pathological Percentages

  • 68% first six weeks of pregnancy
  • 34% sixth to the end of the eighth week
  • 18% remaining seven months
  • i - obtain complete vascular injection in embryos less than 20 mm long
  • k - clarified in caustic potash and glycerine to show the extent of ossification

References

Mall, FP, Report upon the collection of human embryos at the Johns Hopkins University. The Anatomical Record: 1911, 5: 343–357.

<pubmed>17830207</pubmed> <pubmed>17770718</pubmed>

On measuring human embryos. Franklin P. Mall The Anatomical Record Volume 1, Issue 6, pages 129–140, 1 August 1907


Search PubMed: Mall FP

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Embryology History - Franklin Mall. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Embryology_History_-_Franklin_Mall

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