Embryology History - 17th and 18th Century Anatomies: Difference between revisions

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Introduction

We have been studying human development for a very long time. This page is an introduction to historical references (Anatomies) in Embryology. Many of images are available as digital versions from the links to National Library of Medicine and other public sources.

Historic Papers: 1800's | 1900's | 1910's | 1920's | 1930's | 1940's | 1950's | 1960's | 1970's | 1980's

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History \| Historic Embryology Papers)

Spiegel and Casseri

Spiegel A. and Casseri G. De formato foetu liber singularis. (1626) Padua: Io. Bap. de Martinis & Livius Pasquatus. NLM

Adriaan van den Spiegel (1578-1625) and Giulio Casseri (ca. 1552–1616).

Published posthumously by Spigelius' son-in-law, the physician Liberalis L. Crema of Padua.

Table 5 Placenta Fetal and Maternal Side
Table 5 Fig. 1 Placenta Fetal Side
Table 5 Fig. 2 Placenta Maternal Side
Table 7 Placenta and Fetus

Regnier de Graaf

Regnier de Graaf (1641 - 1673), a Dutch physician and anatomist. Doctoral thesis on the pancreas, identified the function of the ovarian follicle (named Graafian follicle), the final mature antral follicle released by ovulation.

De Graaf R. De virorum organis generationi inservientibus, de clysteribus et de usu siphonis in anatomia. Ex officina Hackiana, Lugd. Batav. et Roterod. 1668.

De Graaf R. De mulierum organis generationi inservientibus tractatus novus. Ex officina Hackiana, Lugd. Batav. 1672.

R. De Graaf. Alle de wercken, Abraham Abrahamse, Amsterdam (1686).

References

Paul Portal

Paul Portal: The Compleat Practice of Men and Women Midwives (1705)

"Paul Portal (1630-1703), French obstetrician, originally published this important treatise in Paris in 1696. It includes his demonstration of turning a fetus during childbirth using one foot and contains his teaching that face presentation runs a normal course during the labor process."

Historical Medical Digital Library: http://www.collphyphil.org/HMDLSubweb/Pages/P/PortalP/compramenPgAccess.htm

Govard Bidloo

Bidloo, Govard (1649 - 1713) Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams, Amsterdam: By de weduwe van Joannes van Someren, de erfgenaamen van Joannes van Dyk, Hendrik en de weduwe van Dirk Boom, 1690.


Fetal Growth	Fetus and Uterus

William Smellie

William Smellie (1697-1763)

William Smellie (1697-1763) A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery (1754) He also helped develop the delivery forceps which by the late eighteenth century were a well-known standard obstetrical instrument.

Table 10 showing a twin pregnancy, from A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery (1754)

Links: Set of Anatomical Tables | William Smellie

William Hunter

William Hunter (1718-1783) Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata = The anatomy of the human gravid uterus exhibited in figures (1774)

title page

About William Hunter

Title page
Plate 11
Plate 12
Plate 13
Plate 16
Plate 20
Plate 23
Plate 26
Plate 27

Links: William Hunter

Wilhelm Braune

The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)

(Die Lage des Uterus und Foetus am Ende der Schwangerschaft.)

Braune, Wilhelm (1831-1892): Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas : nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern, Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp., 1867-1872. (Topographic-anatomical Atlas)

The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)

Plate 29 and 30. Uterus and Fetus Position at Term
Plate 29 and 30. Section through Uterus and Fetus
Plate 29 and 30. Uterus without Fetus
Plate 31. Uterus and Fetus Position at Birth
Plate 31. Section through Uterus and Fetus
Plate 31. Uterus without Fetus

Giuseppe Galletti

Giuseppe Galletti (? - 1819) these models are available for viewing at the Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Italy) "Specimens of obstetric models: the wax models are life-sized; the terracotta versions are reduced to a 1:3 scale. Together with the anatomical waxes in the Specola Museum in Florence, these models are among the most significant examples of the use of artistic techniques for teaching medicine and obstetrics to midwives and surgery students in Florentine hospitals at the end of the eighteenth century."

Links: Birth | IMSS Room XVIII. Surgery and obstetrics | IMSS - where we are | La Specola Museum (Italy)

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

National Library of medicine (USA) Historical Anatomies on the Web "Historical Anatomies on the Web is a digital project designed to give Internet users access to high quality images from important anatomical atlases in the Library's collection."
Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Italy) Room XVIII. Surgery and obstetrics
National Library of medicine (USA) History of Medicine
National Museum of Health and Medicine (USA) History of Medicine
National Museum of Health and Medicine (USA) Human Developmental Anatomy Center (HDAC) "Maintains the largest collection of embryologic material in the United States. The Center is a primary source for centralized research in developmental anatomy."
Smithsonian Institution Whatever Happened to Polio? " This exhibition marks the fiftieth anniversary of the announcement that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine to prevent polio, the most notorious disease of the 20th century until AIDS appeared."
College of Physicians of Philadelphia Historical Medical Digital Library Copyright for the books in the Historical Medical Digital Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia is in the public domain.

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 16) Embryology Embryology History - 17th and 18th Century Anatomies. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Embryology_History_-_17th_and_18th_Century_Anatomies

What Links Here?

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Header}}
 == Introduction ==
 We have been studying human development for a very long time. This page is an introduction to historical references (Anatomies) in Embryology. Many of images are available as digital versions from the links to National Library of Medicine and other public sources.
 {{History Links}}
+{{Historic Disclaimer}}
 == Spiegel and Casseri ==
-Spiegel and Casseri: De formato foetu liber singularis (1626)
-Adriaan van den Spiegel (1578-1625)
+{{Ref-SpiegelCasseri1626}}
+Adriaan van den Spiegel (1578-1625) and Giulio Casseri (ca. 1552–1616).
 Published posthumously by Spigelius' son-in-law, the physician Liberalis L. Crema of Padua.
-'''NLM:''' [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/spiegel_home.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/spiegel_home.html]
+<gallery>
+File:Spiegel1626_table05.jpg|Table 5 Placenta Fetal and Maternal Side
+File:Spiegel1626_table05fig1.jpg|Table 5 Fig. 1 Placenta Fetal Side
+File:Spiegel1626_table05fig2.jpg|Table 5 Fig. 2 Placenta Maternal Side
+File:Spiegel1626_table07.jpg|Table 7 Placenta and Fetus
+</gallery>
 == Regnier de Graaf ==
@@ Line 24: / Line 36: @@
 R. De Graaf. Alle de wercken, Abraham Abrahamse, Amsterdam (1686).
-References:
+===References===
+<pubmed>10825629</pubmed>
+<pubmed>10923067</pubmed>
+<pubmed>4607171</pubmed>
+<pubmed>1792221</pubmed>
+<pubmed>773713</pubmed>
+<pubmed>10730914</pubmed>
+<pubmed></pubmed>
+<pubmed></pubmed>
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10825629 Houtzager HL.] Reinier De Graaf and his contribution to reproductive biology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000 Jun;90(2):125-7. No abstract available.
+== Paul Portal ==
+Paul Portal: The Compleat Practice of Men and Women Midwives (1705)
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10923067 Jay V.] A portrait in history. The legacy of Reinier de Graaf. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000 Aug;124(8):1115-6. No abstract available.
+"Paul Portal (1630-1703), French obstetrician, originally published this important treatise in Paris in 1696.&nbsp; It includes his demonstration of turning a fetus during childbirth using one foot and contains his teaching that face presentation runs a normal course during the labor process."
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4607171 Setchell BP.] The contributions of Regnier de Graaf to reproductive biology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1974;4(1):1-13. No abstract available.
+'''Historical Medical Digital Library:''' [http://www.collphyphil.org/HMDLSubweb/Pages/P/PortalP/compramenPgAccess.htm http://www.collphyphil.org/HMDLSubweb/Pages/P/PortalP/compramenPgAccess.htm]
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1792221 Wiesemann C.]<nowiki> [Regnier de Graaf (1641-1673)] Pathologe. 1991 Nov;12(6):352-3. German. No abstract available. </nowiki>
+== Govard Bidloo ==
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=773713 Mann RJ.] Regnier de Graaf, 1641-1673, investigator. Fertil Steril. 1976 Apr;27(4):466-8. No abstract available.
+Bidloo, Govard (1649 - 1713) Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams, Amsterdam: By de weduwe van Joannes van Someren, de erfgenaamen van Joannes van Dyk, Hendrik en de weduwe van Dirk Boom, 1690.
+{|
+| [[File:Bidloo1690 table57.jpg|200px]]
+| [[File:Bidloo1690_table56.jpg|200px]]
+|-
+| Fetal Growth
+| Fetus and Uterus
+|}
-[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10730914 Modlin IM.] Regnier de Graaf: Paris, purging, and the pancreas. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000 Mar;30(2):109-13. No abstract available.
+== William Smellie ==
+[[File:William_Smellie.jpg|thumb|William Smellie (1697-1763)]]
-== Paul Portal ==
+William Smellie (1697-1763) ''A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery'' (1754) He also helped develop the delivery forceps which by the late eighteenth century were a well-known standard obstetrical instrument.
-Paul Portal: The Compleat Practice of Men and Women Midwives (1705)
-"Paul Portal (1630-1703), French obstetrician, originally published this important treatise in Paris in 1696.&nbsp; It includes his demonstration of turning a fetus during childbirth using one foot and contains his teaching that face presentation runs a normal course during the labor process."
-'''Historical Medical Digital Library:''' [http://www.collphyphil.org/HMDLSubweb/Pages/P/PortalP/compramenPgAccess.htm http://www.collphyphil.org/HMDLSubweb/Pages/P/PortalP/compramenPgAccess.htm]
+[[File:Smellie1754 table 10 twins.jpg|300px]]
-== Govard Bidloo ==
+Table 10 showing a twin pregnancy, from ''A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery'' (1754)
-Bidloo, Govard (1649 - 1713) Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams, Amsterdam: By de weduwe van Joannes van Someren, de erfgenaamen van Joannes van Dyk, Hendrik en de weduwe van Dirk Boom, 1690.
-<center>[[Image:Bidloo_skeleton.jpg]]</center>
-'''NLM:''' [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/bidloo_home.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/bidloo_home.html]
-== Braune ==
-Braune, Wilhelm (1831-1892): Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas : nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern, Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp., 1867-1872. (Topographic-anatomical Atlas)
-The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)
+:'''Links:''' [[Embryology_History_-_William_Smellie#A_Set_of_Anatomical_Tables_with_Explanations|Set of Anatomical Tables]] |  [[Embryology_History_-_William Smellie|William Smellie]]
-[[File:BrauneB1.jpg|800px]]
+== William Hunter ==
+[[File:William_Hunter_02.jpg|thumb|William Hunter]]
+William Hunter (1718-1783) ''Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata'' = The anatomy of the human gravid uterus exhibited in figures (1774)
+[[File:William Hunter 1774 titlepage.jpg|thumb|title page]]
+[[Embryology History - William Hunter|About William Hunter]]
 <gallery>
-File:BrauneB1.jpg|Uterus and Fetus Position at Term
+File:William Hunter 1774 titlepage.jpg|Title page
-File:BrauneB2.jpg|Section through Uterus and Fetus
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 11.jpg|Plate 11
-File:BrauneA1.jpg|Uterus without Fetus
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 12.jpg|Plate 12
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 13.jpg|Plate 13
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 16.jpg|Plate 16
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 20.jpg|Plate 20
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 23.jpg|Plate 23
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 26.jpg|Plate 26
+File:William Hunter 1774 plate 27.jpg|Plate 27
 </gallery>
-{{Braune images}}
+:'''Links:''' [[Embryology History - William Hunter|William Hunter]]
-== William Smellie ==
+== Wilhelm Braune ==
 {|
-| William Smellie (1697-1763) ''A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery'' (1754) He also helped develop the delivery forceps which by the late eighteenth century were a well-known standard obstetrical instrument.
+| [[File:Wilhelm_Braune_1877_titlepage.jpg|200px]]
+| [[File:Wilhelm_Braune_1872_titlepage.jpg|200px]]
+The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)
+(''Die Lage des Uterus und Foetus am Ende der Schwangerschaft.'')
-'''Links:''' [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/smellie_home.html NLM historical anatomies]
+|}
-| [[File:Twinning-historic_embryology.jpg|300px]]
-Table 10 from ''A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgment, of the practice of midwifery'' (1754)
+Braune, Wilhelm (1831-1892): Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas : nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern, Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp., 1867-1872. (Topographic-anatomical Atlas)
-|}
+The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)
+[[File:BrauneB1.jpg|800px]]
+<gallery>
+File:BrauneB1.jpg|Plate 29 and 30. Uterus and Fetus Position at Term
+File:BrauneB2.jpg|Plate 29 and 30. Section through Uterus and Fetus
+File:BrauneA1.jpg|Plate 29 and 30. Uterus without Fetus
+File:BrauneC1.jpg|Plate  31. Uterus and Fetus Position at Birth
+File:BrauneC3.jpg|Plate  31. Section through Uterus and Fetus
+File:BrauneC2.jpg|Plate  31. Uterus without Fetus
+</gallery>
-== William Hunter ==
-William Hunter (1718-1783) Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata = The anatomy of the human gravid uterus exhibited in figures (1774)
-[[Image:Hunter20.jpg]]
+{{Braune images}}
-'''NLM:''' [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/hunterw_home.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/hunterw_home.html]
+==Giuseppe Galletti==
+Giuseppe Galletti (? - 1819) these models are available for viewing at the Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Italy) "Specimens of obstetric models: the wax models are life-sized; the terracotta versions are reduced to a 1:3 scale. Together with the anatomical waxes in the Specola Museum in Florence, these models are among the most significant examples of the use of artistic techniques for teaching medicine and obstetrics to midwives and surgery students in Florentine hospitals at the end of the eighteenth century."
-== Institute and Museum of the History of Science ==
 <gallery>
 File:Galletti1770_week_10.jpg
@@ Line 101: / Line 146: @@
 File:Galletti1770_placenta_previa.jpg
 </gallery>
-"Specimens of obstetric models: the wax models are life-sized; the terracotta versions are reduced to a 1:3 scale. Together with the anatomical waxes in the Specola Museum in Florence, these models are among the most significant examples of the use of artistic techniques for teaching medicine and obstetrics to midwives and surgery students in Florentine hospitals at the end of the eighteenth century."
-'''Links:''' Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Italy) [http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=500156 Room XVIII. Surgery and obstetrics] | [http://www.imss.fi.it/info/eimssdove.html IMSS - where we are] | [http://www.specola.unifi.it/ La Specola Museum (Italy)]
-== External Links ==
-National Library of medicine (USA) [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/home.html Historical Anatomies on the Web] "Historical Anatomies on the Web is a digital project designed to give Internet users access to high quality images from important anatomical atlases in the Library's collection."
-Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Italy) [http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=500156 Room XVIII. Surgery and obstetrics]
-National Library of medicine (USA) [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/ History of Medicine]
+:'''Links:''' [[Birth]] | [http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=500156 IMSS Room XVIII. Surgery and obstetrics] | [http://www.imss.fi.it/info/eimssdove.html IMSS - where we are] | [http://www.specola.unifi.it/ La Specola Museum (Italy)]
+== External Links ==
+{{External Links}}
-National Museum of Health and Medicine (USA) [http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/ History of Medicine]
+* National Library of medicine (USA) [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/home.html Historical Anatomies on the Web] "Historical Anatomies on the Web is a digital project designed to give Internet users access to high quality images from important anatomical atlases in the Library's collection."
+* Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Italy) [http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=500156 Room XVIII. Surgery and obstetrics]
+* National Library of medicine (USA) [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/ History of Medicine]
+* National Museum of Health and Medicine (USA) [http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/ History of Medicine]
+* National Museum of Health and Medicine (USA) [http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/hdac/index.htm Human Developmental Anatomy Center (HDAC)] "Maintains the largest collection of embryologic material in the United States. The Center is a primary source for centralized research in developmental anatomy."
+* Smithsonian Institution [http://americanhistory.si.edu/polio/ Whatever Happened to Polio?] " This exhibition marks the fiftieth anniversary of the announcement that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine to prevent polio, the most notorious disease of the 20th century until AIDS appeared."
+* College of Physicians of Philadelphia [http://www.collegeofphysicians.org Historical Medical Digital Library] Copyright for the books in the Historical Medical Digital Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia is in the public domain.
-National Museum of Health and Medicine (USA) [http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/hdac/index.htm Human Developmental Anatomy Center (HDAC)] "Maintains the largest collection of embryologic material in the United States. The Center is a primary source for centralized research in developmental anatomy."
-Smithsonian Institution [http://americanhistory.si.edu/polio/ Whatever Happened to Polio?] " This exhibition marks the fiftieth anniversary of the announcement that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine to prevent polio, the most notorious disease of the 20th century until AIDS appeared."
+{{Glossary}}
-College of Physicians of Philadelphia [http://www.collphyphil.org/HMDLSubweb/catalogue.htm Historical Medical Digital Library] Copyright for the books in the Historical Medical Digital Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia is in the public domain.
-{{Template:Glossary}}
+{{Footer}}
-{{Template:Footer}}
 [[Category:Historic Embryology]]