Developmental Signals - Sox
Embryology - 25 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The SRY (480000) and SOX proteins share a DNA-binding domain known as the HMG box, defined by a 79-amino acid region.
All SOX proteins have a single HMG box and bind linear DNA (transcription factor) in a sequence-specific manner, resulting in the bending of DNA through large angles. Bending causes the DNA helix to open for some distance, which may affect binding and interactions of other transcription factors. SOX1, SOX2 (184429), and SOX3 (313430) show the closest homology to SRY. They share maximum homology within the HMG domain and are expressed mainly in the developing nervous system of the mouse (Collignon et al., 1996). These genes share significant homology outside the HMG box also and are highly conserved throughout their evolution.
Sox2 is first expressed in very early (morula, blastocyst) development, and has also been identified as one of the 4 "Yamanaka Factors" required to generate an induced pluripotential stem cell (iPS cell). It also forms a trimeric complex with OCT4, yet another "Yamanaka Factor".
Mammals have 20 different SOX proteins that can be subdivided into 8 groups: A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, H.
- Sox Links: Sox transcription factors cartoon | Image 1 - Preimplantation Mouse | Image 2 - Preimplantation Mouse | Image 3 - Preimplantation Mouse | Sox | Induced Stem Cells | Yamanaka Factors
Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Sox Expression <pubmed limit=5>Sox Expression</pubmed> |
Early Mouse Expression
Limb Expression
Sox9 expression in E12.5 wild-type mouse embryonic forelimb.[5]
Function
Stem Cells
Sox2
- one of the 4 "Yamanaka factors" (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMyc) required to make a stem cell.
- Links: Stem Cells | Shinya Yamanaka
Genital Development
Sox9
- regulates sex development.
Cartilage Development
Sox9
- regulates cartilage development.
- in chondrogenesis model Sox9 is coexpressed with the gene encoding Col2a1 (type II collagen), the major cartilage matrix protein.
- Links:Cartilage Development
Respiratory Development
Sox2
- regulates patterning of the anterior foregut into ventral (trachea) and dorsal (esophagus) fates
- endoderm expression during formation of foregut derivatives
- declines in regions undergoing lung bud morphogenesis
- declines in ventral region generating the trachea
- Links: Respiratory System Development | StemBook - Specification and patterning of the respiratory system
Rib Development
Sox9 expression in the Mouse (E12.5) rib primordial.[6]
Signaling Pathway
SOX Developmental Signaling Pathways[7]
OMIM
About OMIM "Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM is a comprehensive, authoritative, and timely compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes. The full-text, referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and over 12,000 genes. OMIM focuses on the relationship between phenotype and genotype. It is updated daily, and the entries contain copious links to other genetics resources." OMIM
References
- ↑ <pubmed>20704721</pubmed>| BMC Dev Biol.
- ↑ <pubmed>25818812</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>23390004</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21103067</pubmed>| PMC2980489 | PLoS One.
- ↑ <pubmed>17194222</pubmed>| PMC1713256 | PLoS Genet.
- ↑ <pubmed>23236180</pubmed>| PMC3535641 | PNAS
- ↑ <pubmed>25594027</pubmed>| Oncoscience
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>21309066</pubmed> <pubmed>17584862</pubmed>
Search PubMed: Sox
External Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Developmental Signals - Sox. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Signals_-_Sox
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G