Developmental Signals - Homeobox: Difference between revisions
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* '''Homeobox Genes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Spatio-Temporal Expression'''<ref name="PMID26024448"><pubmed>26024448</pubmed>| [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0126947 PLoS One.]</ref> "We show that, out of 103 homeobox genes, 70 are co-orthologous to human homeobox genes. 14 are highly divergent, lacking an obvious ortholog even in other Caenorhabditis species. One of these homeobox genes encodes 12 homeodomains, while three other highly divergent homeobox genes encode a novel type of double homeodomain, termed HOCHOB. To understand how transcription factors regulate cell fate during development, precise spatio-temporal expression data need to be obtained. Using a new imaging framework that we developed, Endrov, we have generated spatio-temporal expression profiles during embryogenesis of over 60 homeobox genes, as well as a number of other developmental control genes using GFP reporters." [[Worm Development]] | |||
* '''A Hox regulatory network of hindbrain segmentation is conserved to the base of vertebrates'''<ref name="PMID25219855"><pubmed>25219855</pubmed></ref> "Here, using a novel tool that allows cross-species comparisons of regulatory elements between jawed and jawless vertebrates, we report deep conservation of both upstream regulators and segmental activity of enhancer elements across these distant species. Regulatory regions from diverse gnathostomes drive segmental reporter expression in the lamprey hindbrain and require the same transcriptional inputs (for example, Kreisler (also known as Mafba), Krox20 (also known as Egr2a)) in both lamprey and zebrafish. We find that lamprey hox genes display dynamic segmentally restricted domains of expression; we also isolated a conserved exonic hox2 enhancer from lamprey that drives segmental expression in rhombomeres 2 and 4. Our results show that coupling of Hox gene expression to segmentation of the hindbrain is an ancient trait with origin at the base of vertebrates that probably led to the formation of rhombomeric compartments with an underlying Hox code." | * '''A Hox regulatory network of hindbrain segmentation is conserved to the base of vertebrates'''<ref name="PMID25219855"><pubmed>25219855</pubmed></ref> "Here, using a novel tool that allows cross-species comparisons of regulatory elements between jawed and jawless vertebrates, we report deep conservation of both upstream regulators and segmental activity of enhancer elements across these distant species. Regulatory regions from diverse gnathostomes drive segmental reporter expression in the lamprey hindbrain and require the same transcriptional inputs (for example, Kreisler (also known as Mafba), Krox20 (also known as Egr2a)) in both lamprey and zebrafish. We find that lamprey hox genes display dynamic segmentally restricted domains of expression; we also isolated a conserved exonic hox2 enhancer from lamprey that drives segmental expression in rhombomeres 2 and 4. Our results show that coupling of Hox gene expression to segmentation of the hindbrain is an ancient trait with origin at the base of vertebrates that probably led to the formation of rhombomeric compartments with an underlying Hox code." | ||
* '''Hoxb1b controls oriented cell division, cell shape and microtubule dynamics in neural tube morphogenesis'''<ref name="PMID24449840"><pubmed>24449840</pubmed></ref> "Hox genes are classically ascribed to function in patterning the anterior-posterior axis of bilaterian animals; however, their role in directing molecular mechanisms underlying morphogenesis at the cellular level remains largely unstudied. ...Hoxb1b regulates mitotic spindle rotation during the oriented neural keel symmetric mitoses that are required for normal neural tube lumen formation in the zebrafish." | * '''Hoxb1b controls oriented cell division, cell shape and microtubule dynamics in neural tube morphogenesis'''<ref name="PMID24449840"><pubmed>24449840</pubmed></ref> "Hox genes are classically ascribed to function in patterning the anterior-posterior axis of bilaterian animals; however, their role in directing molecular mechanisms underlying morphogenesis at the cellular level remains largely unstudied. ...Hoxb1b regulates mitotic spindle rotation during the oriented neural keel symmetric mitoses that are required for normal neural tube lumen formation in the zebrafish." |
Revision as of 05:20, 31 May 2015
Embryology - 29 Mar 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The family of homeobox (Hox) proteins has been a focus of research for over 30 years. This family of genes were also the basis of the embryo patterning studies that led to the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995. We now know that in addition to whole embryo axes patterning, this family of genes has many roles in establishing pattern throughout the embryo in different tissues and organs.
There has recently been a revival of an earlier theory[2] that Hox expression during vertebrate pattern formation is linked to the process of segmentation of paraxial mesoderm during somitogenesis.[3]
This signalling pathway has also been implicated in many developmental abnormalities and diseases.
Fly wild-type head | Fly antennapedia head |
Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Hox <pubmed limit=5>Hox</pubmed> |
Classification
Proposed Hox protein classification[1] |
Human Hox
Chromosomal Distribution of Human Homeobox Genes[11]
Functions
Developmental patterning signal.
Neural
Hindbrain neural crest migration and Hox expression pattern[12]
Legend
Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Reviews Neuroscience (<pubmed>17948031</pubmed>), copyright (2007) |
Axial Skeleton
Vertebral element ossification between species.[13]
- Links: Somitogenesis | Axial Skeleton Development
Limb
Mouse Limb Patterning Fgf and Hox Expression[14]
Fgf and Hox expression in E10.5 to 10.75 wild-type embryonic forelimb autopod, compared to future E14.5 digit arrangement.
Expression of Hoxa4, Hoxa9, Hoxa10, Hoxa11, Hoxa11 antisense (Hoxa11as), and Hoxa13 in E12.5 limb buds.[15]
- Links: Limb Development
Other
Signaling Pathway
Additional Images
Hoxa3 Mouse E8.5
Hoxa3 Mouse E9.5
Hoxa3 Mouse E10.5
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 <pubmed>20520839</pubmed>| PLoS One
- ↑ Meinhardt H. Models For Biological Pattern Formation. Academic Press; 1982.
- ↑ <pubmed>25785959</pubmed>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 <pubmed>20485555</pubmed>| PLoS One
- ↑ <pubmed>26024448</pubmed>| PLoS One.
- ↑ <pubmed>25219855</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>24449840</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22085760</pubmed>
- ↑ Yallowitz AR, Hrycaj SM, Short KM, Smyth IM, Wellik DM (2011) Hox10 Genes Function in Kidney Development in the Differentiation and Integration of the Cortical Stroma. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23410. PMID 21858105 PloS One
- ↑ <pubmed>20540809</pubmed>| Reprod Biol Endocrinol.
- ↑ <pubmed>17963489</pubmed>| BMC Biol.
- ↑ <pubmed>17948031</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20956304</pubmed>| Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
- ↑ <pubmed>20386744</pubmed>| PMC2851570 | PLoS Genet.
- ↑ <pubmed>24465181</pubmed>| PLoS Biol.
Reviews
<pubmed>20435029</pubmed> <pubmed>19651304</pubmed> <pubmed>15944185</pubmed> <pubmed>11604126</pubmed>
Articles
Search Pubmed
Search Bookshelf hox
July 2010 "hox" All (3509) Review (545) Free Full Text (1453)
Search Pubmed Now: Hox Homeobox
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- Nobel Prize - Medicine 1995
- OMIM - SONIC HEDGEHOG
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Developmental Signals - Homeobox. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Signals_-_Homeobox
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G