Developmental Signals - Anti-Mullerian Hormone

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Introduction

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH; Mullerian Inhibiting Substance, MIS; Mullerian Inhibiting Factor, MIF) is a secreted glycoprotein factor (transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-beta superfamily) that regulates gonadal and genital tract development. In the male embryo, the Sertoli cell secrete AMH and inhibit paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct development. In postnatal males, AMH increases during the first month, reaching peak level at 6 months of age, and then slowly declines during childhood falling to low levels in puberty. In reproductive age women, AMH is produced in the ovary by the granulosa cell surrounding preantral and small antral follicles and serum levels may reflect the remaining follicle cohort and decrease with age.


Links: AMH | Male | Oocyte Development | Testis | OMIM - AMH | HGNC


Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular

Some Recent Findings

  • Serum biomarkers for predicting pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF[1]
More recent papers  
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Search term: Anti-Mullerian Hormone

<pubmed limit=5>Anti-Mullerian Hormone</pubmed>


Gene

  • cytogenetic location - 19p13.3
  • human gene has 5 exons
Links: HGNC | OMIM - AMH

Protein

  • Secreted protein
  • 560 amino acid polypeptide
  • C-terminal domain homology with human transforming growth factor-beta and the beta chain of porcine inhibin


Links: UniProt

Functions

AMH can inhibit the autophosphorylation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in vitro even though it does not compete with EGF for receptor binding sites.

Genital Development

References

  1. Kim JH, Shin MS, Yi G, Jee BC, Lee JR, Suh CS & Kim SH. (2012). Serum biomarkers for predicting pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF: human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, and inhibin A level at 11 days post-ET. Clin Exp Reprod Med , 39, 28-32. PMID: 22563548 DOI.

Reviewss

Articles

Kissell KA, Danaher MR, Schisterman EF, Wactawski-Wende J, Ahrens KA, Schliep K, Perkins NJ, Sjaarda L, Weck J & Mumford SL. (2014). Biological variability in serum anti-Müllerian hormone throughout the menstrual cycle in ovulatory and sporadic anovulatory cycles in eumenorrheic women. Hum. Reprod. , 29, 1764-72. PMID: 24925522 DOI.


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Developmental Signals - Anti-Mullerian Hormone. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Signals_-_Anti-Mullerian_Hormone

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G