Developmental Mechanism - Morphodynamics: Difference between revisions
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== Some Recent Findings == | == Some Recent Findings == | ||
[[File:Drosophila gastrulation.jpg|thumb|alt=Drosophila gastrulation|Drosophila gastrulation{{#pmid:32132154|PMID32132154}}]] | |||
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* '''The Physical Mechanisms of {{Drosophila}} {{Gastrulation}}: {{Mesoderm}} and {{Endoderm}} Invagination'''{{#pmid:32132154|PMID32132154}} "A critical juncture in early development is the partitioning of cells that will adopt different fates into three germ layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm. This step is achieved through the internalization of specified cells from the outermost surface layer, through a process called gastrulation. In Drosophila, gastrulation is achieved through cell shape changes (i.e., apical constriction) that change tissue curvature and lead to the folding of a surface epithelium. Folding of embryonic tissue results in mesoderm and endoderm invagination, not as individual cells, but as collective tissue units. The tractability of Drosophila as a model system is best exemplified by how much we know about Drosophila gastrulation, from the signals that pattern the embryo to the molecular components that generate force, and how these components are organized to promote cell and tissue shape changes. For mesoderm invagination, graded signaling by the morphogen, Spätzle, sets up a gradient in transcriptional activity that leads to the expression of a secreted ligand (Folded gastrulation) and a transmembrane protein (T48). Together with the GPCR Mist, which is expressed in the mesoderm, and the GPCR Smog, which is expressed uniformly, these signals activate heterotrimeric G-protein and small Rho-family G-protein signaling to promote apical contractility and changes in cell and tissue shape. A notable feature of this signaling pathway is its intricate organization in both space and time. At the cellular level, signaling components and the cytoskeleton exhibit striking polarity, not only along the apical-basal cell axis, but also within the apical domain. Furthermore, gene expression controls a highly choreographed chain of events, the dynamics of which are critical for primordium invagination; it does not simply throw the cytoskeletal "on" switch." {{fly}} | |||
* '''Sticking, steering, squeezing and shearing: cell movements driven by heterotypic mechanical forces'''{{#pmid:29719271|PMID29719271}} "During development, the immune response and cancer, cells of different types interact mechanically. Here we review how such heterotypic mechanical interactions enable cell movements. We begin by analyzing the heterotypic forces that single cells use to adhere and squeeze through tight barriers, as in the case of leucocyte extravasation and cancer metastasis. We next focus on the different mechanisms by which adjacent tissues influence each other's movements, with particular emphasis on dragging forces during dorsal closure in Drosophila and shearing forces during gastrulation in zebrafish. Finally, we discuss the mechanotransduction feedback loops that enable different cell types to steer each other's migration during development and cancer. We illustrate these migration modes focusing on the combination of attractive and repulsive cues during co-migration of neural crest cells and placodes in Xenopus, and of fibroblasts and cancer cells during invasion. Throughout the review, we discuss the nature of the heterotypic contact, which may involve both homophilic and heterophilic interactions between adhesion receptors." | * '''Sticking, steering, squeezing and shearing: cell movements driven by heterotypic mechanical forces'''{{#pmid:29719271|PMID29719271}} "During development, the immune response and cancer, cells of different types interact mechanically. Here we review how such heterotypic mechanical interactions enable cell movements. We begin by analyzing the heterotypic forces that single cells use to adhere and squeeze through tight barriers, as in the case of leucocyte extravasation and cancer metastasis. We next focus on the different mechanisms by which adjacent tissues influence each other's movements, with particular emphasis on dragging forces during dorsal closure in Drosophila and shearing forces during gastrulation in zebrafish. Finally, we discuss the mechanotransduction feedback loops that enable different cell types to steer each other's migration during development and cancer. We illustrate these migration modes focusing on the combination of attractive and repulsive cues during co-migration of neural crest cells and placodes in Xenopus, and of fibroblasts and cancer cells during invasion. Throughout the review, we discuss the nature of the heterotypic contact, which may involve both homophilic and heterophilic interactions between adhesion receptors." | ||
Revision as of 11:45, 30 April 2020
Embryology - 23 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Morphodynamics refers to the biomechanical effects involved in development. There are several researchers who continue to build on concepts developed by Blechschmidt and others describing developmental events in terms of the physics involved in stresses and fluid movement within the embryo as important factors involved in establishing embryonic structures.
This page is an attempt to include concepts related to development based upon the physics (stresses, strains, gravity and fluid movement) occuring during growth. In some respects this is in response to the very dominant "molecular" nature of recent studies in comparison to the many other ways of describing developmental events. The two area appear more recently to be converging using new molecular findings to be incorporated or married with the morphodynamic descriptions.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Morphodynamics <pubmed limit=5>Morphodynamics</pubmed> |
Older papers |
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These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page.
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Martin AC. (2020). The Physical Mechanisms of Drosophila Gastrulation: Mesoderm and Endoderm Invagination. Genetics , 214, 543-560. PMID: 32132154 DOI.
- ↑ Labernadie A & Trepat X. (2018). Sticking, steering, squeezing and shearing: cell movements driven by heterotypic mechanical forces. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , 54, 57-65. PMID: 29719271 DOI.
- ↑ Smutny M, Ákos Z, Grigolon S, Shamipour S, Ruprecht V, Čapek D, Behrndt M, Papusheva E, Tada M, Hof B, Vicsek T, Salbreux G & Heisenberg CP. (2017). Friction forces position the neural anlage. Nat. Cell Biol. , 19, 306-317. PMID: 28346437 DOI.
- ↑ Sutherland AE. (2016). Tissue morphodynamics shaping the early mouse embryo. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. , 55, 89-98. PMID: 26820524 DOI.
- ↑ Varner VD, Gleghorn JP, Miller E, Radisky DC & Nelson CM. (2015). Mechanically patterning the embryonic airway epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 112, 9230-5. PMID: 26170292 DOI.
- ↑ Imuta Y, Koyama H, Shi D, Eiraku M, Fujimori T & Sasaki H. (2014). Mechanical control of notochord morphogenesis by extra-embryonic tissues in mouse embryos. Mech. Dev. , 132, 44-58. PMID: 24509350 DOI.
- ↑ Kim HY, Varner VD & Nelson CM. (2013). Apical constriction initiates new bud formation during monopodial branching of the embryonic chicken lung. Development , 140, 3146-55. PMID: 23824575 DOI.
Textbooks
Reviews
Heyn R, Makabe S & Motta PM. (2001). Ultrastructural morphodynamics of human Sertoli cells during testicular differentiation. Ital J Anat Embryol , 106, 163-71. PMID: 11732573
Articles
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Embryo Morphodynamics | Morphodynamics
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Developmental Mechanism - Morphodynamics. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Mechanism_-_Morphodynamics
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G