Developmental Mechanism - Dorso-Ventral Axis: Difference between revisions

From Embryology
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
''Draft Page - notice removed when complete.''
''Draft Page - notice removed when complete.''


 
{|
[[File:Anatomical_axes_comparison.jpg|300px|thumb|alt=Anatomical axes comparison|Anatomical axes comparison]]
! Anatomical axes comparison
 
! Human-anatomical-planes
[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=Axes|Axes]]
|-
| [[File:Anatomical_axes_comparison.jpg|300px|alt=Anatomical axes comparison]]
| [[File:Human-anatomical-planes.jpg|300px|alt=Human-anatomical-planes]]
|}
Note there is some confusion arising in the terminology when comparing animal developmental axes and those of human anatomical axes.


How do you establish the anatomical axes of the embryo? Another well studied model of axis patterning is the establishment of limb axes, in particular this system historically was studied by grafting and rotating parts of the early developing limb.
How do you establish the anatomical axes of the embryo? Another well studied model of axis patterning is the establishment of limb axes, in particular this system historically was studied by grafting and rotating parts of the early developing limb.
Line 21: Line 25:


==Some Recent Findings==
==Some Recent Findings==
[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=Axes|Axes]]
{|
{|
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"  
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"  
|
|
*  
* '''Posterior-anterior gradient of zebrafish hes6 expression in the presomitic mesoderm is established by the combinatorial functions of the downstream enhancer and 3'UTR'''{{#pmid:26596999|PMID26596999}} "In vertebrates, the periodic formation of {{somites}} from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) is driven by the molecular oscillator known as the segmentation clock. The hairy-related gene, hes6/her13.2, functions as a hub by dimerizing with other oscillators of the segmentation clock in zebrafish embryos. Although hes6 exhibits a posterior-anterior expression gradient in the posterior PSM with a peak at the tailbud, the detailed mechanisms underlying this unique expression pattern have not yet been clarified. By establishing several transgenic lines, we found that the transcriptional regulatory region downstream of hes6 in combination with the hes6 3'UTR recapitulates the endogenous gradient of hes6 mRNA expression. This downstream region, which we termed the PT enhancer, possessed several putative binding sites for the T-box and Ets transcription factors that were required for the regulatory activity. Indeed, the T-box transcription factor (Tbx16) and Ets transcription factor (Pea3) bound specifically to the putative binding sites and regulated the enhancer activity in zebrafish embryos. In addition, the 3'UTR of hes6 is required for recapitulation of the endogenous mRNA expression. Furthermore, the PT enhancer with the 3'UTR of hes6 responded to the inhibition of retinoic acid synthesis and fibroblast growth factor signaling in a manner similar to endogenous hes6. The results showed that transcriptional regulation by the T-box and Ets transcription factors, combined with the mRNA stability given by the 3'UTR, is responsible for the unique expression gradient of hes6 mRNA in the posterior PSM of zebrafish embryos."
 
 
 
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! More recent papers
! More recent papers  
|-
|-
| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}
| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}


Search term: ''Left-Right Axis''
Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dorso-ventral+Axis ''Dorso-ventral Axis''] |  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Axis+Formation ''Axis Formation''] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Molecular+Axis+Development ''Molecular Axis Development''] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rostro-caudal+Axis ''Rostro-caudal Axis''] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Left-Right+Axis ''Left-Right Axis'']
 
|}
|}



Latest revision as of 14:06, 18 January 2019

Embryology - 28 Mar 2024    Facebook link Pinterest link Twitter link  Expand to Translate  
Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page)

العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt    These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations)

Introduction

Draft Page - notice removed when complete.

Anatomical axes comparison Human-anatomical-planes
Anatomical axes comparison Human-anatomical-planes

Note there is some confusion arising in the terminology when comparing animal developmental axes and those of human anatomical axes.

How do you establish the anatomical axes of the embryo? Another well studied model of axis patterning is the establishment of limb axes, in particular this system historically was studied by grafting and rotating parts of the early developing limb.

Note there is some confusion arising in the terminology when comparing animal developmental axes and those of human anatomical axes.



Axes Formation: left-right axis | dorso-ventral axis | rostro-caudal axis | limb axis | Coronal | Sagittal | Transverse


Mechanism Links: mitosis | cell migration | cell junctions |epithelial invagination | epithelial mesenchymal transition | mesenchymal epithelial transition | epithelial mesenchymal interaction | morphodynamics | tube formation | apoptosis | autophagy | axes formation | time | molecular

Some Recent Findings

Axes
Axes
  • Posterior-anterior gradient of zebrafish hes6 expression in the presomitic mesoderm is established by the combinatorial functions of the downstream enhancer and 3'UTR[1] "In vertebrates, the periodic formation of somites from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) is driven by the molecular oscillator known as the segmentation clock. The hairy-related gene, hes6/her13.2, functions as a hub by dimerizing with other oscillators of the segmentation clock in zebrafish embryos. Although hes6 exhibits a posterior-anterior expression gradient in the posterior PSM with a peak at the tailbud, the detailed mechanisms underlying this unique expression pattern have not yet been clarified. By establishing several transgenic lines, we found that the transcriptional regulatory region downstream of hes6 in combination with the hes6 3'UTR recapitulates the endogenous gradient of hes6 mRNA expression. This downstream region, which we termed the PT enhancer, possessed several putative binding sites for the T-box and Ets transcription factors that were required for the regulatory activity. Indeed, the T-box transcription factor (Tbx16) and Ets transcription factor (Pea3) bound specifically to the putative binding sites and regulated the enhancer activity in zebrafish embryos. In addition, the 3'UTR of hes6 is required for recapitulation of the endogenous mRNA expression. Furthermore, the PT enhancer with the 3'UTR of hes6 responded to the inhibition of retinoic acid synthesis and fibroblast growth factor signaling in a manner similar to endogenous hes6. The results showed that transcriptional regulation by the T-box and Ets transcription factors, combined with the mRNA stability given by the 3'UTR, is responsible for the unique expression gradient of hes6 mRNA in the posterior PSM of zebrafish embryos."


More recent papers  
Mark Hill.jpg
PubMed logo.gif

This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.

  • This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled.
  • The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance.
  • References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing.


References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability.

More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References

Search term: Dorso-ventral Axis | Axis Formation | Molecular Axis Development | Rostro-caudal Axis | Left-Right Axis

References

  1. Kawamura A, Ovara H, Ooka Y, Kinoshita H, Hoshikawa M, Nakajo K, Yokota D, Fujino Y, Higashijima S, Takada S & Yamasu K. (2016). Posterior-anterior gradient of zebrafish hes6 expression in the presomitic mesoderm is established by the combinatorial functions of the downstream enhancer and 3'UTR. Dev. Biol. , 409, 543-54. PMID: 26596999 DOI.

Reviews

Articles

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link



Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Developmental Mechanism - Dorso-Ventral Axis. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Mechanism_-_Dorso-Ventral_Axis

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G