Chicken stages: Difference between revisions

From Embryology
No edit summary
Line 18: Line 18:
|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
| width="150px"|<center>'''Hamburger Hamilton Stages'''</center>
| width="150px"|<center>'''Hamburger Hamilton Stages'''</center>
| width="150px"|<center>'''Age'''</center>
| width="100px"|<center>'''Age'''</center>
| <center>'''Identification of Stages'''</center>
| <center>'''Identification of Stages'''</center>
| <center>'''Links'''</center>
| <center>'''Links'''</center>
|-
|-
| colspan="3" | <center>'''Before Laying'''</center>
| colspan="4" | <center>'''Before Laying'''</center>
|
|
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"

Revision as of 12:23, 27 August 2011

Introduction

Hamburger & Hamilton Stage 10 (33 hours)

Hamburger & Hamilton staged the chicken embryo in 1951.[1] The original paper had approx 25 citations between 1955 - 59, while in the year 1991 alone there were over 300 citations. Series of Embryonic Chicken Growth. J. Morphology, 88 49 - 92 (1951). Atlas recently republished by J.R. Sanes in Developmental Dynamics 195 229-275 (1992).

The table below describes feature of the chicken that can be seen at specific times (mean of a range) after fertilization. Some of the stages can be clicked to see sample embryo pictures on another page.

There is also an comparisons with the alternative universal Witschi staging and, on another page, the staging of embryos.


chicken


Hamburger Hamilton Stages

Hamburger Hamilton Stages

Hamburger Hamilton Stages
Age
Identification of Stages
Links
Before Laying
Early cleavage
3.5 - 4.5 hr Shell membrane of egg formed in isthmus of oviduct
During cleavage
Germ wall formed from marginal periblast
Late cleavage
4.5 - 24.0 hr Shell of egg formed in uterus
After Laying
1
Preprimitive streak (embryonic shield)
2
6 - 7 hr Initial primitive streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long
3
12 - 13 hr Intermediate primitive streak
4
18 - 19 hr Definitive primitive streak, ±1.88 mm long
5
19 - 22 hr Head process (notochord)
6
23 - 25 hr Head fold
7
23 - 26 hr 1 somite; neural folds
7 to 8-
ca. 23 - 26 hr 1-3 somites; coelom
8
26 - 29 hr 4 somites; blood islands
9
29-33 hr 7 somites; primary optic vesicles
9+ to 10-
ca. 33 hr 8-9 somites; anterior amniotic fold
10
33-38 hr 10 somites; 3 primary brain vesicles
11
40 - 45 hr 13 somites; 5 neuromeres of hindbrain
12
45 - 49 hr 16 somites; telencephalon Heart
13
48-52 hr 19 somites; atrioventricular canal
13+ to 14-
ca. 50 - 52 hr 20-21 somites; tail bud
14
50 - 53 hr 22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2
14+ to 15-
ca. 50 - 54 hr 23 somites; premandibular head cavities
15
50 - 55 hr 24 - 27 somites; visceral arch III, cleft 3
16
51 - 56 hr 26 - 28 somites; wing bud; posterior amniotic fold Heart
17
52 - 64 hr 29-32 somites; leg bud; epiphysis
18
3 da 30 - 36 somites extending beyond level of leg bud; allantois
19
3.0 - 3.5 da 37 - 40 somites extending into tail; maxillary process
20
3.0 - 3.5 da 40 - 43 somites; rotation completed; eye pigment
21
3.5 da 43-44 somites; visceral arch IV, cleft 4 Heart
22
3.5 - 4.0 da Somites extend to tip of tail
23
4 da Dorsal contour from hindbrain to tail is a curved line
24
4.5 da Toe plate
25
4.5 - 5.0 da Elbow and knee joints Heart
26
5 da 1st 3 toes
27
5.0 - 5.5 da Beak
28
5.5 - 6.0 da 3 digits, 4 toes
29
6.0 - 6.5 da Rudiment of 5th toe
30
6.5 - 7.0 da Feather germs; scleral papillae; egg tooth
31
7.0 - 7.5 da Web between 1st and 2nd digits
32
7.5 da Anterior tip of mandible has reached beak
33
7.5 - 8.0 da Web on radial margin of wing and 1st digit
34
8 da Nictitating membrane
35
8.5 - 9.0 da Phalanges in toes
36
10 da Length of 3rd toe from tip to middle of metatarsal joint = 5.4±0.3mm; length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of bill = 2.5mm; primordium of comb; labial groove; uropygial gland
37
11 da Length of 3rd toe = 7.4±0.3mm; length of beak = 3.0 mm
38
12 da Length of 3rd toe = 8.4±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.1 mm
39
13 da Length of 3rd toe = 9.8±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.5 mm
40
14 da Length of beak = 4.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 12.7±0.5 mm
41
15 da Length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of upper bill = 4.5 mm; length of 3rd toe = 14.9±0.8 mm
42
16 da Length of beak = 4.8 mm; length of 3rd toe = 16.7±0.8 mm
43
17 da Length of beak = 5.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 18.6±0.8 mm
44
18 da Length of beak = 5.7 mm; length of 3rd toe = 20.4±0.8 mm
45
19 - 20 da Yolk sac half enclosed in body cavity; chorio-allantoic membrane contains less blood and is "sticky" in living embryo
46
20 - 21 da Newly-hatched chick

Standard Stage Comparison

Witschi Stages

Standard Stages (Witschi)
Hamburger Hamilton Stages
Age
Identification of Stages
Before Laying
3,4 Early cleavage 3.5-4.5 hr2 Shell membrane of egg formed in isthmus of oviduct
5,6 During cleavage Germ wall formed from marginal periblast
7 Late cleavage 4.5-24.0 hr2 Shell of egg formed in uterus
After Laying
8,9 1 Preprimitive streak (embryonic shield)
10 2 6-7 hr Initial primitive streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long
11 3 12-13 hr Intermediate primitive streak
12 4 18-19 hr Definitive primitive streak, ±1.88 mm long
13a 5 19-22 hr Head process (notochord)
13b 6 23-25 hr Head fold
14a 7 23-26 hr 1 somite; neural folds
14b 7 to 8- ca. 23-26 hr 1-3 somites; coelom
14c 8 26-29 hr 4 somites; blood islands
15a 9 29-33 hr 7 somites; primary optic vesicles
15b 9+ to 10- ca. 33 hr 8-9 somites; anterior amniotic fold
15c 10 33-38 hr 10 somites; 3 primary brain vesicles
16a 11 40-45 hr 13 somites; 5 neuromeres of hindbrain
16b 12 45-49 hr 16 somites; telencephalon
16c 13 48-52 hr 19 somites; atrioventricular canal
17a 13+ to 14- ca. 50-52 hr 20-21 somites; tail bud
17b 14 50-53 hr 22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2
17c 14+ to 15- ca. 50-54 hr 23 somites; premandibular head cavities
17d 15 50-55 hr 24-27 somites; visceral arch III, cleft 3
18 16 51-56 hr 26-28 somites; wing bud; posterior amniotic fold
19 17 52-64 hr 29-32 somites; leg bud; epiphysis
20 18 3 da 30-36 somites extending beyond level of leg bud; allantois
21 19 3.0-3.5 da 37- 40 somites extending into tail; maxillary process
22 20 3.0-3.5 da 40-43 somites; rotation completed; eye pigment
23 21 3.5 da 43-44 somites; visceral arch IV, cleft 4
24 22 3.5-4.0 da Somites extend to tip of tail
25 23 4 da Dorsal contour from hindbrain to tail is a curved line
26 24 4.5 da Toe plate
27 25 4.5-5.0 da Elbow and knee joints
28 26 5 da 1st 3 toes
29 27 5.0-5.5 da Beak
30 28 5.5-6.0 da 3 digits, 4 toes
31 29 6.0-6.5 da Rudiment of 5th toe
32 30 6.5-7.0 da Feather germs; scleral papillae; egg tooth
33a 31 7.0-7.5 da Web between 1st and 2nd digits
33b 32 7.5 da Anterior tip of mandible has reached beak
34a 33 7.5-8.0 da Web on radial margin of wing and 1st digit
34b 34 8 da Nictitating membrane
34c 35 8.5-9.0 da Phalanges in toes
34d 36 10 da Length of 3rd toe from tip to middle of metatarsal joint = 5.4±0.3mm; length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of bill = 2.5mm; primordium of comb; labial groove; uropygial gland
34e 37 11 da Length of 3rd toe = 7.4±0.3mm; length of beak = 3.0 mm
34f 38 12 da Length of 3rd toe = 8.4±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.1 mm
35a 39 13 da Length of 3rd toe = 9.8±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.5 mm
35b 40 14 da Length of beak = 4.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 12.7±0.5 mm
35c 41 15 da Length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of upper bill = 4.5 mm; length of 3rd toe = 14.9±0.8 mm
35d 42 16 da Length of beak = 4.8 mm; length of 3rd toe = 16.7±0.8 mm
35e 43 17 da Length of beak = 5.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 18.6±0.8 mm
35f 44 18 da Length of beak = 5.7 mm; length of 3rd toe = 20.4±0.8 mm
36a 45 19-20 da Yolk sac half enclosed in body cavity; chorio-allantoic membrane contains less blood and is "sticky" in living embryo
36b 46 20-21 da Newly-hatched chick

Modified from: GROWTH Altman, P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (ed) Biological Handbooks, FASEB (1962)

References

  1. <pubmed>1304821</pubmed>

Other Chicken Atlases

  • Vertebrate and Invertebrate Embryos (7th Edition) G.C. Schoenwolf, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
  • An Atlas of Embryology (1975) W.H. Freeman and B. Bracegirdle, Heinemann Educational Books, UK.
    • This is an ATLAS (no description of development) , asically reprinted from the original 1963 edition.
    • Photos with labelled diagrams covering Amphioxus (worm) Frog, Chicken.
  • An Atlas for Staging Mammalian and Chick Embryos (1987) H. Bultler and B.H. Juurlink, CRC Press Inc., Florida
    • This ATLAS is not a complete series of development but has interesting comparisons of species.

Mostly photos of embryos with a few drawn diagrams and a series of staging correlation graphs.

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Chicken stages. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Chicken_stages

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G