Chicken Stages - Witschi: Difference between revisions

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Introduction

Shown below is an alternative to Hamburger Hamilton Stages of chicken development. There was also an earlier historic 1900 Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbeltiere - Gallus domestics (Normal Plates of the Development of the Chicken Embryo} by Franz Keibel and Karl Abraham.

chicken

Witschi Standard Stages	Hamburger Hamilton Stages	Age	Identification of Stages
Before Laying
3,4	Early cleavage	3.5-4.5 hr2	Shell membrane of egg formed in isthmus of oviduct
5,6	During cleavage		Germ wall formed from marginal periblast
7	Late cleavage	4.5-24.0 hr2	Shell of egg formed in uterus
After Laying
8,9	1		Preprimitive streak (embryonic shield)
10	2	6-7 hr	Initial primitive streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long
11	3	12-13 hr	Intermediate primitive streak
12	4	18-19 hr	Definitive primitive streak, ¬±1.88 mm long
13a	5	19-22 hr	Head process (notochord)
13b	6	23-25 hr	Head fold
14a	7	23-26 hr	1 somite; neural folds
14b	7 to 8-	ca. 23-26 hr	1-3 somites; coelom
14c	8	26-29 hr	4 somites; blood islands
15a	9	29-33 hr	7 somites; primary optic vesicles
15b	9+ to 10-	ca. 33 hr	8-9 somites; anterior amniotic fold
15c	10	33-38 hr	10 somites; 3 primary brain vesicles
16a	11	40-45 hr	13 somites; 5 neuromeres of hindbrain
16b	12	45-49 hr	16 somites; telencephalon
16c	13	48-52 hr	19 somites; atrioventricular canal
17a	13+ to 14-	ca. 50-52 hr	20-21 somites; tail bud
17b	14	50-53 hr	22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2
17c	14+ to 15-	ca. 50-54 hr	23 somites; premandibular head cavities
17d	15	50-55 hr	24-27 somites; visceral arch III, cleft 3
18	16	51-56 hr	26-28 somites; wing bud; posterior amniotic fold
19	17	52-64 hr	29-32 somites; leg bud; epiphysis
20	18	3 da	30-36 somites extending beyond level of leg bud; allantois
21	19	3.0-3.5 da	37- 40 somites extending into tail; maxillary process
22	20	3.0-3.5 da	40-43 somites; rotation completed; eye pigment
23	21	3.5 da	43-44 somites; visceral arch IV, cleft 4
24	22	3.5-4.0 da	Somites extend to tip of tail
25	23	4 da	Dorsal contour from hindbrain to tail is a curved line
26	24	4.5 da	Toe plate
27	25	4.5-5.0 da	Elbow and knee joints
28	26	5 da	1st 3 toes
29	27	5.0-5.5 da	Beak
30	28	5.5-6.0 da	3 digits, 4 toes
31	29	6.0-6.5 da	Rudiment of 5th toe
32	30	6.5-7.0 da	Feather germs; scleral papillae; egg tooth
33a	31	7.0-7.5 da	Web between 1st and 2nd digits
33b	32	7.5 da	Anterior tip of mandible has reached beak
34a	33	7.5-8.0 da	Web on radial margin of wing and 1st digit
34b	34	8 da	Nictitating membrane
34c	35	8.5-9.0 da	Phalanges in toes
34d	36	10 da	Length of 3rd toe from tip to middle of metatarsal joint = 5.4¬±0.3mm; length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of bill = 2.5mm; primordium of comb; labial groove; uropygial gland
34e	37	11 da	Length of 3rd toe = 7.4¬±0.3mm; length of beak = 3.0 mm
34f	38	12 da	Length of 3rd toe = 8.4¬±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.1 mm
35a	39	13 da	Length of 3rd toe = 9.8¬±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.5 mm
35b	40	14 da	Length of beak = 4.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 12.7¬±0.5 mm
35c	41	15 da	Length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of upper bill = 4.5 mm; length of 3rd toe = 14.9¬±0.8 mm
35d	42	16 da	Length of beak = 4.8 mm; length of 3rd toe = 16.7¬±0.8 mm
35e	43	17 da	Length of beak = 5.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 18.6¬±0.8 mm
35f	44	18 da	Length of beak = 5.7 mm; length of 3rd toe = 20.4¬±0.8 mm
36a	45	19-20 da	Yolk sac half enclosed in body cavity; chorio-allantoic membrane contains less blood and is "sticky" in living embryo
36b	46	20-21 da	Newly-hatched chick

Modified from: GROWTH Altman, P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (ed) Biological Handbooks, FASEB (1962)

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 20) Embryology Chicken Stages - Witschi. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Chicken_Stages_-_Witschi

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+{{Header}}
 ==Introduction==
 Shown below is an alternative to [[Hamburger Hamilton Stages]] of chicken development. There was also an earlier historic 1900 Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbeltiere - ''Gallus domestics'' ([[Book_-_Normal_Plates_of_the_Development_of_Vertebrates_2|Normal Plates of the Development of the Chicken Embryo]]} by [[Embryology_History_-_Franz_Keibel|Franz Keibel]] and Karl Abraham.