Carnegie Stage Comparison: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 13:15, 4 May 2018
Embryology - 25 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Stages are based on the external and/or internal morphological development of the vertebrate embryo, and are not directly dependent on either age or size. The human embryonic period proper is divided into 23 Carnegie stages. Criteria beyond morphological features include age in days, number of somites present, and embryonic length.
As this staging can be applied to all vertebrates, and most vertebrate embryos develop during the embryonic period in much the same way, we can directly compare the timing of development for different species.
From the table you can see that to reach the end of embryonic development, Carnegie stage 23, can take from as little as 10 days in chickens to nearly 60 days in humans. Carnegie is the name of a historical US Institute that historically categorised these developmental stages.
Please note that these species comparisons are approximate only with some variations found in the scientific literature. There was also a 1954 paper comparing human and mouse stages.[1]
- Links: Embryonic Development | Carnegie Stage Comparison | Carnegie Institution - Contributions to Embryology | Human Embryo Collections
- Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline
Species Comparison of Carnegie Stages
Data For Carnegie Stages Comparison Graph (Species/Days)
Species | Stage | |||||||||||||||
Human[2] | Days | 20 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 33 | 36 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 48 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 58 |
Baboon[3] | Days | 23 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 39 | 41 | 43 | 45 | 47 |
Rhesus Monkey[4] | Days | 21 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 |
Marmoset[5] | Days | 57 | 60 | 64 | 67 | 74 | ||||||||||
Mouse[6] | Days | 9 | 9.5 | 10 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 16 |
Rat[7] | Days | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 16 | 16.5 | 17 | 17.5 |
Chinese Hamster[8] | Days | 10 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 16 | 16.5 | 17 |
Guinea Pig[9] | Days | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 29 |
Rabbit[10] | Days | 8 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 11 | 12 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15.5 | 16 | 16.5 | 17 | 18 |
Sheep[11] | Days | 15 | 16 | 17.5 | 18.5 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 22 | 23 | 24.5 | 25.5 | 27.5 | 29.5 | 30 | 33 | |
Pig[12] | Days | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20.5 | 21.5 | 23 | 24 | 25.5 | 27.5 | 29 | 30.5 | 32.5 |
Chicken [13] | Days | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.25 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.25 | 3.75 | 4.75 | 5.5 | 6.25 | 7.25 | 7.75 | 8.5 | 10 |
Dog | Days | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 34 | 36 | 37 | ||||||||
Bat [14] | Days | 40 | 44 | 46 | 50 | 54 | 60 | 70 | 80 |
Earlier Stage Timing
Carnegie | Stage | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Human | Days | 1 | 2-3 | 4-5 | 5-6 | 7-12 | 13-15 | 15-17 | 17-19 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 33 | 36 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 48 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 58 |
Mouse | Days | 1 | 2 | 3 | E4.5 | E5.0 | E6.0 | E7.0 | E8.0 | E9.0 | E9.5 | E10 | E10.5 | E11 | E11.5 | E12 | E12.5 | E13 | E13.5 | E14 | E14.5 | E15 | E15.5 | E16 |
Rat | Days | 1 | 3.5 | 4-5 | 5 | 6 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 16 | 16.5 | 17 | 17.5 |
Note these Carnegie stages are only approximate day timings for average of embryos. Links: Carnegie Stage Comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Heart Development Staging
The table below is from a 2016 review of human heart development.[15]
Human | Mouse | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carnegie Stage |
Post-ovulatory Days |
Size (mm) Greatest Length |
Theiler Stage |
Post-conception Days |
Size (mm) Crown-rump |
11 | 24 | 2.5 - 4.5 | 14 | 9 - 9.5 | 2.1 |
12 | 26 | 3 - 5 | 15 | 9.5 - 10.25 | 2.5 |
13 | 28 | 4 - 6 | 16 | 10.25 - 10.5 | 3.6 |
14 | 32 | 5 - 7 | 17 | 10.5 | 4.1 |
15 | 33 | 7 - 9 | 18 | 11 | 4.6 |
16 | 37 | 8 - 11 | 19 | 11.5 | 6 - 7 |
17 | 41 | 11 - 14 | 20 | 12 | 7 |
18 | 44 | 13 - 17 | 21 | 12.5 - 13 | 8.2 |
19 | 47.5 | 16 - 18 | 21 | 12.5 - 13 | 8.2 |
20 | 50.5 | 18 - 22 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
21 | 52 | 22 - 24 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
22 | 54 | 23 - 28 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
23 | 56.5 | 27 - 31 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
26 | 17.5 - 18 | 17.8 | |||
Notes: Carnegie Stages | Theiler Stage | Post-conception Days | Carnegie Stage Comparison Reference: Anderson RH. Teratogenecity in the setting of cardiac development and maldevelopment. (2016) |
Table 1. Comparison of Human and Murine Development | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Mouse | ||||
Carnegie Stage |
Post-ovulatory Days |
Size (mm) Greatest Length |
Theiler Stage |
Post-conception Days |
Size (mm) Crown-rump |
11 | 24 | 2.5 - 4.5 | 14 | 9 - 9.5 | 2.1 |
12 | 26 | 3 - 5 | 15 | 9.5 - 10.25 | 2.5 |
13 | 28 | 4 - 6 | 16 | 10.25 - 10.5 | 3.6 |
14 | 32 | 5 - 7 | 17 | 10.5 | 4.1 |
15 | 33 | 7 - 9 | 18 | 11 | 4.6 |
16 | 37 | 8 - 11 | 19 | 11.5 | 6 - 7 |
17 | 41 | 11 - 14 | 20 | 12 | 7 |
18 | 44 | 13 - 17 | 21 | 12.5 - 13 | 8.2 |
19 | 47.5 | 16 - 18 | 21 | 12.5 - 13 | 8.2 |
20 | 50.5 | 18 - 22 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
21 | 52 | 22 - 24 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
22 | 54 | 23 - 28 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
23 | 56.5 | 27 - 31 | 22 | 13.5 - 14 | 9.1 |
26 | 17.5 - 18 | 17.8 | |||
Notes: Human Embryonic Development | Carnegie Stages | Mouse Development | Theiler Stage | Post-conception Days | Carnegie Stage Comparison Reference: Anderson RH. Teratogenecity in the setting of cardiac development and maldevelopment. (2016) |
Growth
The following growth data is from Mall (1910)[16]
References
- ↑ <pubmed>13207763</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>400868</pubmed>
- ↑ Hendrickx Embryology of the baboon. University of Chicago Press.
- ↑ Hendrickx and Sawey Embryology of the rhesus monkey. The Rhesus Monkey, Bourne (ed), Academic Press, NY (1975)
- ↑ <pubmed>827927</pubmed>
- ↑ Theiler K. The House Mouse: Atlas of Mouse Development (1972, 1989) Springer-Verlag, NY. Online
- ↑ Witschi E. Rat Development. In: Growth Including Reproduction and Morphological Development. (1962) Altman PL. and Dittmer DS. ed. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol., Washington DC, pp. 304-314.
- ↑ <pubmed>453550</pubmed>
- ↑ Harman MT. and Dobrovolny P. The development of the external form of the guinea-pig (Cavia cobaya) between the ages of 11 days and 20 days of gestation. (1932) Amer. J Anat. 49(3) : 351-378.Harman MT. and Dobrovolny P. The development of the external form of the guinea-pig (Cavia cobaya) between the ages of 21 days and 35 days of gestation. (1933) J. of Morphology, 54(3): 493-519.
- ↑ Edwards, JA. The external development of the rabbit and rat embryo. In: D.H.M. Woollam, Editor, Advances in Teratology Vol. 3, Logos Press, London (1968)
- ↑ <pubmed>5078578</pubmed>
- ↑ Marrable , AW. The Embryonic Pig: A Chronological Account. Pitman Medical, London (1971)
- ↑ <pubmed>1304821</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>15861401</pubmed>
- ↑ Anderson RH. Teratogenecity in the setting of cardiac development and maldevelopment. (2016)
- ↑ Mall FP. VIII. Determination of the age of human embryos and fetuses in Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology I. (1910) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Carnegie Stage Comparison. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Carnegie_Stage_Comparison
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G