Cardiovascular System - Tetralogy of Fallot

From Embryology

Introduction

Tetralogy of Fallot

Named after Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot (1888) who described it as "la maladie blue" and is a common developmental cardiac defect. The syndrome consists of a number of a number of cardiac defects possibly stemming from abnormal neural crest migration.

ICD-10 Q21.3 Tetralogy of Fallot Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis or atresia, dextroposition of aorta and hypertrophy of right ventricle.

This cardiovascular abnormality has also been researched as a 2011 Student Project.

Heart Abnormal: Tutorial Abnormalities | atrial septal defects | double outlet right ventricle | hypoplastic left heart | patent ductus arteriosus‎ | transposition of the great vessels | Tetralogy of Fallot | ventricular septal defects | coarctation of the aorta | Category ASD | Category PDA | Category ToF | Category VSD | ICD10 - Cardiovascular | ICD11
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Historic Embryology - Cardiovascular 
1902 Vena cava inferior | 1905 Brain Blood Vessels | 1909 Cervical Veins | 1909 Dorsal aorta and umbilical veins | 1912 Heart | 1912 Human Heart | 1914 Earliest Blood-Vessels | 1915 Congenital Cardiac Disease | 1915 Dura Venous Sinuses | 1916 Blood cell origin | 1916 Pars Membranacea Septi | 1919 Lower Limb Arteries | 1921 Human Brain Vascular | 1921 Spleen | 1922 Aortic-Arch System | 1922 Pig Forelimb Arteries | 1922 Chicken Pulmonary | 1923 Head Subcutaneous Plexus | 1923 Ductus Venosus | 1925 Venous Development | 1927 Stage 11 Heart | 1928 Heart Blood Flow | 1935 Aorta | 1935 Venous valves | 1938 Pars Membranacea Septi | 1938 Foramen Ovale | 1939 Atrio-Ventricular Valves | 1940 Vena cava inferior | 1940 Early Hematopoiesis | 1941 Blood Formation | 1942 Truncus and Conus Partitioning | Ziegler Heart Models | 1951 Heart Movie | 1954 Week 9 Heart | 1957 Cranial venous system | 1959 Brain Arterial Anastomoses | Historic Embryology Papers | 2012 ECHO Meeting | 2016 Cardiac Review | Historic Disclaimer

Some Recent Findings

Etienne Louis Arthur Fallot
* Genome-wide association study identifies loci on 12q24 and 13q32 associated with Tetralogy of Fallot[1] "We conducted a genome-wide association study to search for risk alleles associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), using a northern European discovery set of 835 cases and 5159 controls. A region on chromosome 12q24 was associated (P = 1.4 × 10(-7)) and replicated convincingly (P = 3.9 × 10(-5)) in 798 cases and 2931 controls [per allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.27 in replication cohort, P = 7.7 × 10(-11) in combined populations]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the glypican 5 gene on chromosome 13q32 were also associated (P = 1.7 × 10(-7)) and replicated convincingly (P = 1.2 × 10(-5)) in 789 cases and 2927 controls (per allele OR = 1.31 in replication cohort, P = 3.03 × 10(-11) in combined populations). Four additional regions on chromosomes 10, 15 and 16 showed suggestive association accompanied by nominal replication. This study, the first genome-wide association study of a congenital heart malformation phenotype, provides evidence that common genetic variation influences the risk of TOF."
  • GATA5 loss-of-Function Mutations Underlie Tetralogy of Fallot[2] "Tetraology of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease and is a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality. ... In the present study, the whole coding region of the GATA5 gene, which encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor essential for cardiogenesis, was sequenced in 130 unrelated patients with TOF. ...As a result, 2 novel heterozygous GATA5 mutations, p.R187G and p.H207R, were identified in 2 families with autosomal dominantly inherited TOF, respectively. The variations were absent in 400 control alleles and the altered amino acids were completely conserved evolutionarily. Functional analysis showed that the GATA5 mutants were associated with significantly decreased transcriptional activation compared with their wild-type counterpart."


Recent References | References

International Classification of Diseases

Anterior wall of right ventricle showing the features of Tetralogy of Fallot[3]

Congenital malformations of the circulatory system

Q21 Congenital malformations of cardiac septa

Excl.: acquired cardiac septal defect (I51.0)

  • Q21.0 Ventricular septal defect
  • Q21.1 Atrial septal defect Coronary sinus defect Patent or persistent: foramen ovale ostium secundum defect (type II) Sinus venosus defect
  • Q21.2 Atrioventricular septal defect Common atrioventricular canal Endocardial cushion defect Ostium primum atrial septal defect (type I)
  • Q21.3 Tetralogy of Fallot Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis or atresia, dextroposition of aorta and hypertrophy of right ventricle.
  • Q21.4 Aortopulmonary septal defect Aortic septal defect Aortopulmonary window
  • Q21.8 Other congenital malformations of cardiac septa Eisenmenger's defect Pentalogy of Fallot Excl.: Eisenmenger's complex (I27.8) syndrome (I27.8)
  • Q21.9 Congenital malformation of cardiac septum, unspecified Septal (heart) defect NOS

References

  1. <pubmed>23297363</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>23289003</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>19144126</pubmed>| Orphanet J Rare Dis.

Reviews

<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>22723533</pubmed> <pubmed>22344815</pubmed> <pubmed>21916347</pubmed> <pubmed>19144126</pubmed> <pubmed>15016061</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>23323122</pubmed> <pubmed>21208432</pubmed>


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Tetralogy of Fallot. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_System_-_Tetralogy_of_Fallot

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G