Cardiovascular System - Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 22:34, 29 January 2012
Introduction
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), or Patent arterial duct (PAD), occurs commonly in preterm infants, and at approximately 1 in 2000 full term infants and more common in females (to male ratio is 2:1). Can also be associated with specific genetic defects, trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, and the Rubinstein-Taybi and CHARGE syndromes.
The opening is asymptomatic when the duct is small and can close spontaneously (by day three in 60% of normal term neonates), the remainder are ligated simply and with little risk, with transcatheter closure of the duct generally indicated in older children. The operation is always recommended even in the absence of cardiac failure and can often be deferred until early childhood.
Some Recent Findings
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Images
Patent ductus arteriosus classification
PDA echocardiogram
PDA angiogram
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Heart defects and preterm birth are the most common causes of neonatal and infant death. The long-term development of the heart combined with extensive remodelling and post-natal changes in circulation lead to an abundance of abnormalities associated with this system.
A UK study literature showed that preterm infants have more than twice as many cardiovascular malformations (5.1 / 1000 term infants and 12.5 / 1000 preterm infants) as do infants born at term and that 16% of all infants with cardiovascular malformations are preterm. (0.4% of live births occur at greater than 28 weeks of gestation, 0.9% at 28 to 31 weeks, and 6% at 32 to 36 weeks. Overall, 7.3% of live-born infants are preterm)[2]
"Baltimore-Washington Infant Study data on live-born cases and controls (1981-1989) was reanalyzed for potential environmental and genetic risk-factor associations in complete atrioventricular septal defects AVSD (n = 213), with separate comparisons to the atrial (n = 75) and the ventricular (n = 32) forms of partial AVSD. ...Maternal diabetes constituted a potentially preventable risk factor for the most severe, complete form of AVSD." [3]
In addition, there are in several congenital abnormalities that exist in adults (bicuspid aortic valve, mitral valve prolapse, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection) which may not be clinically recognized.
References
Reviews
<pubmed>21532100</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>21829408</pubmed> <pubmed>21532789</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Search OMIM: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_System_-_Patent_Ductus_Arteriosus
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
