Cardiovascular System - Lymphatic Development

From Embryology
Notice - Mark Hill
Currently this page is only a template and will be updated (this notice removed when completed).

Introduction

An important part of the cardiovascular system is the lymphatic vasculature, which functions to return interstitial fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream.

This system was first identified by Aselli G. 1627 in a paper "De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani

Cardiovascular Links: cardiovascular | Heart Tutorial | Lecture - Early Vascular | Lecture - Heart | Movies | 2016 Cardiac Review | heart | coronary circulation | heart valve | heart rate | Circulation | blood | blood vessel | blood vessel histology | heart histology | Lymphatic | ductus venosus | spleen | Stage 22 | cardiovascular abnormalities | OMIM | 2012 ECHO Meeting | Category:Cardiovascular
Historic Embryology - Cardiovascular 
1902 Vena cava inferior | 1905 Brain Blood Vessels | 1909 Cervical Veins | 1909 Dorsal aorta and umbilical veins | 1912 Heart | 1912 Human Heart | 1914 Earliest Blood-Vessels | 1915 Congenital Cardiac Disease | 1915 Dura Venous Sinuses | 1916 Blood cell origin | 1916 Pars Membranacea Septi | 1919 Lower Limb Arteries | 1921 Human Brain Vascular | 1921 Spleen | 1922 Aortic-Arch System | 1922 Pig Forelimb Arteries | 1922 Chicken Pulmonary | 1923 Head Subcutaneous Plexus | 1923 Ductus Venosus | 1925 Venous Development | 1927 Stage 11 Heart | 1928 Heart Blood Flow | 1935 Aorta | 1935 Venous valves | 1938 Pars Membranacea Septi | 1938 Foramen Ovale | 1939 Atrio-Ventricular Valves | 1940 Vena cava inferior | 1940 Early Hematopoiesis | 1941 Blood Formation | 1942 Truncus and Conus Partitioning | Ziegler Heart Models | 1951 Heart Movie | 1954 Week 9 Heart | 1957 Cranial venous system | 1959 Brain Arterial Anastomoses | Historic Embryology Papers | 2012 ECHO Meeting | 2016 Cardiac Review | Historic Disclaimer

| original page

Some Recent Findings

  • prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis[1] "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."
  • The lymphatic vasculature: recent progress and paradigms[2] "The field of lymphatic research has been recently invigorated by the identification of genes and mechanisms that control various aspects of lymphatic development. We are beginning to understand how, starting from a subgroup of embryonic venous endothelial cells, the whole lymphatic system forms in a stepwise manner. The generation of genetically engineered mice with defects in different steps of the lymphangiogenic program has provided models that are increasing our understanding of the lymphatic system in health and disease."

Lymphatic Vessels

  1. Lymph capillaries
  2. Lymph collecting vessels
  3. Lymph ducts

Lymphatic Vessel Contraction

Lymphatic vessels undergo spontaneous rhythmic contractions which aid lymph flow. This is most easily demonstrated in models based upon mesentry lymphatics of the gastrointestinal tract. Contractile activity is regulated by physical factors (transmural pressure) and neurological (alpha-adrenergic, histamine, bradykinin) acting on lymphatic smooth muscle. Contractility and receptor expression may also be different in different parts of the lymphatic system.

Alpha-adrenergic - alpha 1- and not alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Histamine - lymphatic smooth muscle via stimulation of H(1) (and in some vessels H(2)) receptors.

Bradykinin - chronotropic but not inotropic effects on lymphatic pump activity via stimulation of B1 receptors.

Molecular Development

Angiopoietins (Ang1–Ang4)

Notch probably mediates choice of fate between arterial and venous.

Prox1 Prospero-related Homeobox 1 - expressed in a subpopulation of blood endothelial cells that then generate, by both budding and sprouting, cells of the lymphatic vascular system. Triggers the molecular program leading to the formation of the lymphatic system. (OMIM - PROSPERO-RELATED HOMEOBOX 1; PROX1)

Tie (Tie1 and Tie2) tyrosine kinase receptors.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins and angiopoietin/Tie, Notch, and ephrin/Eph pathways play major roles in eary vessel development.

Abnormalities

Lymphangioma - dysplasia of childhood form lymphatic capillaries or collectors, which form fluid-filled cysts.

lymphatic spaces lined by endothelium smooth muscle fascicles in the septa between the lymphatic spaces lymphoid aggregates in the delicate collagenous stroma

References

  1. <pubmed>20976189</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>16212503</pubmed>

Journals

Reviews

<pubmed>18519960</pubmed> <pubmed>17036631</pubmed> <pubmed>16212503</pubmed> <pubmed>15293565</pubmed> <pubmed>14704766</pubmed> <pubmed>12543725</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed>17202268</pubmed>

<pubmed>16291864</pubmed> <pubmed>16877368</pubmed>

Lymphatic endothelial cell identity is reversible and its maintenance requires Prox1 activity Nicole C. Johnson, Miriam E. Dillard, Peter Baluk, Donald M. McDonald, Natasha L. Harvey, Sharon L. Frase, and Guillermo Oliver Genes Dev. 2008;22 3282-3291


Search Pubmed

Search NLM Bookshelf: lymphatic

Search PubMed: lymphatic development | lymphology

External Links

International Society of Lymphology ISL | Lymphology Journal

Australian Lymphology Association ALA

American Society of Lymphology ASL

British Lymphology Society BLS


Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Lymphatic Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_System_-_Lymphatic_Development

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G