Cardiovascular System - Heart Valve Development
Introduction
The heart valves form between the atria and ventricles (mitral valve, tricuspid valve) and between the atria and blood vessels (aortic valve, pulmonary valve). The cardiac cushions in the atrioventricular (AV) canal contain cells that are the primordia of the cardiac valves. The atrioventricular valves are attached to papillary muscles by chordae tendineae.
Mitral valve also called the "bicuspid valve".
Some Recent Findings
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Textbooks
- Human Embryology (2nd ed.) Larson Ch7 p151-188 Heart
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Ch14: p304-349
- Before we Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Ch12; p241-254
- Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Ch7 p97-122 Heart
- Human Embryology Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Ch13-17: p77-111
Fetal Heart Valve Sounds
<mp3player>File:Week17 fetal heart rate.mp3</mp3player>
Audio recording of the Second Trimester fetal heart (GA week 17).
The characteristic "lub-dup" sounds are associated with closing of heart valves.
- First sound (lub) occurs as atrioventricular valves close and signifies beginning of systole (contraction)
- Second sound (dup) occurs when semilunar valves close at the beginning of ventricular diastole (relaxation)
- Links: Fetal Heart Sounds Audio
Molecular
Scleraxis (Scx) - basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor expressed in the progenitors and cells of all tendon tissues (mouse).[3]
Periostin - regulates lineage commitment of valve precursor cells (chicken).[4]
Gata4 and Gata6
Tbx5
Abnormalities
Noonan syndrome
An autosomal dominant single-gene cause of congenital heart disease. Patients also have proportionate short stature, facial abnormalities, and an increased risk of myeloproliferative disease. About half the patients have mutations in PTPN11, encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. A recent study in mice has identified PTPN11 acting in endocardium to enhance endocardial-mesenchymal transformation.[5]
References
Reviews
<pubmed>20809794</pubmed> <pubmed>20201901</pubmed> <pubmed>14567955</pubmed> <pubmed>12768658</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>17549728</pubmed> <pubmed>16914500</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: heart valve development | heart valve morphogenesis | Valvulogenesis
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 17) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Heart Valve Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_System_-_Heart_Valve_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G