Cardiovascular System - Heart Rate Development: Difference between revisions
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* '''Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias'''{{#pmid:30602066|PMID30602066}} "A total of 500 echocardiography and NI-FECG recordings were collected from pregnant women during a routine medical visit in this multicenter study. All the cases with fetal arrhythmias (n = 12) and a matching number of control (n = 14) were used. Two perinatal cardiologists analyzed the extracted NI-FECG while blinded to the echocardiography. The NI-FECG based diagnosis was compared to the reference fetal echocardiography diagnosis....It is possible to diagnose fetal arrhythmias using the NI-FECG technique. However, this study identifies that improvement in algorithms for reconstructing the P-wave is critical to systematically resolve the mechanisms underlying the arrhythmias. The elaboration of a NI-FECG Holter device will offer new opportunities for fetal diagnosis and remote monitoring of problematic pregnancies because of its low-cost, non-invasiveness, portability and minimal set-up requirements." | * '''Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias'''{{#pmid:30602066|PMID30602066}} "A total of 500 echocardiography and NI-FECG recordings were collected from pregnant women during a routine medical visit in this multicenter study. All the cases with fetal arrhythmias (n = 12) and a matching number of control (n = 14) were used. Two perinatal cardiologists analyzed the extracted NI-FECG while blinded to the echocardiography. The NI-FECG based diagnosis was compared to the reference fetal echocardiography diagnosis....It is possible to diagnose fetal arrhythmias using the NI-FECG technique. However, this study identifies that improvement in algorithms for reconstructing the P-wave is critical to systematically resolve the mechanisms underlying the arrhythmias. The elaboration of a NI-FECG Holter device will offer new opportunities for fetal diagnosis and remote monitoring of problematic pregnancies because of its low-cost, non-invasiveness, portability and minimal set-up requirements." | ||
[[File:Fetal Electrocardiogram Enhancement 01.jpg|thumb|alt=Fetal Electrocardiogram Enhancement|Fetal Electrocardiogram Enhancement{{#pmid:29938302|PMID29938302}}]] | |||
* '''Enhancement of low-quality fetal electrocardiogram based on time-sequenced adaptive filtering'''{{#pmid:29938302|PMID29938302}} "Extraction of a clean fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from non-invasive abdominal recordings is one of the biggest challenges in fetal monitoring. An ECG allows for the interpretation of the electrical heart activity beyond the heart rate and heart rate variability. However, the low signal quality of the fetal ECG hinders the morphological analysis of its waveform in clinical practice. The time-sequenced adaptive filter has been proposed for performing optimal time-varying filtering of non-stationary signals having a recurring statistical character. In our study, the time-sequenced adaptive filter is applied to enhance the quality of multichannel fetal ECG after the maternal ECG is removed. To improve the performance of the filter in cases of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we enhance the ECG reference signals by averaging consecutive ECG complexes. The performance of the proposed augmented time-sequenced adaptive filter is evaluated in both synthetic and real data from PhysioNet. This evaluation shows that the suggested algorithm clearly outperforms other ECG enhancement methods, in terms of uncovering the ECG waveform, even in cases with very low SNR. With the presented method, quality of the fetal ECG morphology can be enhanced to the extent that the ECG might be fit for use in clinical diagnostics. Graphical abstract The extracted fetal ECG signals from non-invasive abdominal recordings still contain a substantial amount of noise. The time-sequenced adaptive filter provides a relatively accurate estimate of the underlying fetal ECG signal when the quality of the reference channels is enhanced prior to filtering." | |||
* '''Computerized analysis of cardiotocograms and ST signals is associated with significant reductions in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cesarean delivery: an observational study in 38 466 deliveries'''{{#pmid:30594567|PMID30594567}} "Intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) is widely used in high-resource countries and remains at the centre of fetal monitoring and the decision to intervene, but there is ample evidence of poor reliability in visual interpretation, as well as limited accuracy in identifying fetal hypoxia. Combined monitoring of CTG and ST segment signals was developed to increase specificity, but analysis relies heavily on CTG interpretation and is therefore also affected by the previously referred problems. Computerized analysis was developed to overcome these limitations, aiding in the quantification of parameters that are difficult to evaluate visually, such as variability, integrating the complex guidelines of combined CTG and ST analysis, and using visual and sound alerts to prompt healthcare professionals to re-evaluate features associated with fetal hypoxia." | * '''Computerized analysis of cardiotocograms and ST signals is associated with significant reductions in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cesarean delivery: an observational study in 38 466 deliveries'''{{#pmid:30594567|PMID30594567}} "Intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) is widely used in high-resource countries and remains at the centre of fetal monitoring and the decision to intervene, but there is ample evidence of poor reliability in visual interpretation, as well as limited accuracy in identifying fetal hypoxia. Combined monitoring of CTG and ST segment signals was developed to increase specificity, but analysis relies heavily on CTG interpretation and is therefore also affected by the previously referred problems. Computerized analysis was developed to overcome these limitations, aiding in the quantification of parameters that are difficult to evaluate visually, such as variability, integrating the complex guidelines of combined CTG and ST analysis, and using visual and sound alerts to prompt healthcare professionals to re-evaluate features associated with fetal hypoxia." | ||
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===Search Pubmed=== | ===Search Pubmed=== |
Revision as of 09:38, 8 January 2019
Embryology - 29 Mar 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Fetal Heart Rate | Fetal Electrocardiogram | Fetal Heart Ultrasound | Cardiovascular Embryology | Cardiovascular Development |
Older papers |
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These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page.
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Textbooks
- Human Embryology (2nd ed.) Larson Ch7 p151-188 Heart
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Ch14: p304-349
- Before we Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Ch12; p241-254
- Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Ch7 p97-122 Heart
- Human Embryology Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Ch13-17: p77-111
Embryonic Heart Rate
In a 1996 study normal successful human gestations were defined by EHR criteria at different early embryonic (34-56 days from last menstrual period) developmental stages (at the earliest stages when embryo length is difficult to measure gestational sac diameters are included). <ref>[8]
- Stage 9-10 2 mm embryo (gestational sac diameter of 20 mm) EHR at least 75 beats / minute
- Stage 11-12 5 mm embryo (gestational sac diameter of 30 mm) EHR at least 100 beats / minute
- Stage 16 10 mm embryo EHR at least 120 beats / minute
- Stage 18 15 mm embryo EHR at least 130 beats / minute
Fetal Heart Rate
Week 15 (GA week 17) Fetal Heart Rate audio recording of human embryo heart sounds .
<html5media>File:Week17 fetal heart rate.mp3</html5media>
Ultrasound Measurement
This movie is a realtime ultrasound recording of the week 12 fetus. The bottom window shows doppler analysis to measure the fetal heart rate.
<html5media height="560" width="680">File:Week12_fetal_heart_rate.mp4</html5media>
Click Here to play on mobile device
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram (ECG) with a normal ECG on the left and an ECG showing T-wave inversion on the right.
The T-waves represents the recovery/repolarisation of the ventricles. Inversion of T-waves relate to repolarisation abnormalities which may indicate a problem with the ventricles (in the recovery beat).
References
- ↑ Behar JA, Bonnemains L, Shulgin V, Oster J, Ostras O & Lakhno I. (2019). Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias. Prenat. Diagn. , , . PMID: 30602066 DOI.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fotiadou E, van Laar JOEH, Oei SG & Vullings R. (2018). Enhancement of low-quality fetal electrocardiogram based on time-sequenced adaptive filtering. Med Biol Eng Comput , , . PMID: 29938302 DOI.
- ↑ Lopes-Pereira J, Costa A, Ayres-de-Campos D, Costa-Santos C, Amaral J & Bernardes J. (2018). Computerized analysis of cardiotocograms and ST signals is associated with significant reductions in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cesarean delivery: an observational study in 38 466 deliveries. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , , . PMID: 30594567 DOI.
- ↑ Gu X, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Han J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang A, Liu B, Xue J, Sun B, Weng Z, Ge S & He Y. (2018). Quantile Score: A New Reference System for Quantitative Fetal Echocardiography Based on a Large Multicenter Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr , , . PMID: 30591282 DOI.
- ↑ Li SF, Wang Y, Li GF, Zhao YY, Chen L & Zhang S. (2018). [Diurnal rhythm of fetal heart rate in third trimester of pregnancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi , 53, 849-854. PMID: 30585024
- ↑ Grivell RM, Alfirevic Z, Gyte GM & Devane D. (2012). Antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 12, CD007863. PMID: 23235650 DOI.
- ↑ Papaioannou GI, Syngelaki A, Poon LC, Ross JA & Nicolaides KH. (2010). Normal ranges of embryonic length, embryonic heart rate, gestational sac diameter and yolk sac diameter at 6-10 weeks. Fetal. Diagn. Ther. , 28, 207-19. PMID: 20847544 DOI.
- ↑ Coulam CB, Britten S & Soenksen DM. (1996). Early (34-56 days from last menstrual period) ultrasonographic measurements in normal pregnancies. Hum. Reprod. , 11, 1771-4. PMID: 8921130
Reviews
Strasburger JF & Wakai RT. (2010). Fetal cardiac arrhythmia detection and in utero therapy. Nat Rev Cardiol , 7, 277-90. PMID: 20418904 DOI.
Bennet L & Gunn AJ. (2009). The fetal heart rate response to hypoxia: insights from animal models. Clin Perinatol , 36, 655-72. PMID: 19732619 DOI.
Butcher JT & Markwald RR. (2007). Valvulogenesis: the moving target. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. , 362, 1489-503. PMID: 17569640 DOI.
Articles
Hashima JN, Frias AE, Bernard L, Spindel ER, Hobbs TR & Rasanen J. (2010). Fetal ventricular diastolic filling characteristics in a primate model: the role of fetal heart rate and pulmonary vascular impedance. Reprod Sci , 17, 760-6. PMID: 20595708 DOI.
Park YS, Koh SK, Hoh JK & Park MI. (2010). Difference of fetal heart rate accelerations based on 10 and 15 beats per minute. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. , 36, 291-5. PMID: 20492379 DOI.
Lunshof S, Boer K, Wolf H, van Hoffen G, Bayram N & Mirmiran M. (1998). Fetal and maternal diurnal rhythms during the third trimester of normal pregnancy: outcomes of computerized analysis of continuous twenty-four-hour fetal heart rate recordings. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 178, 247-54. PMID: 9500482
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Search Nov 2010 "Embryonic Heart Rate" All (7589) Review (405) Free Full Text (794)
Search Pubmed: Embryonic Heart Rate
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Heart Rate Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_System_-_Heart_Rate_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G