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| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] This historic 1948 book by Herrick describes the development of the lizard, tiger salamander (''Ambystoma tigrinum''). | | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] This historic 1948 book by Herrick describes the development of the lizard, tiger salamander (''Ambystoma tigrinum''). | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Modern Notes: {{lizard}} | {{neural}} | root; cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Sauropsida; Sauria; Lepidosauria | ||
<br> | |||
<br> | |||
'''Modern Notes:''' {{lizard}} | {{neural}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
{{Herrick1948 TOC}} | |||
{{Historic Disclaimer}} | {{Historic Disclaimer}} | ||
=The Brain of the Tiger Salamander= | =The Brain of the Tiger Salamander= | ||
Ambystoma tigrinum | Ambystoma tigrinum | ||
Line 74: | Line 77: | ||
Money for the prosecution of the work and for financing its publication was liberally supplied by the Dr. Wallace C. and Clara A. | Money for the prosecution of the work and for financing its publication was liberally supplied by the Dr. Wallace C. and Clara A. Abbott Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago. | ||
Abbott Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago. | |||
Part I. General Description and Interpretation | |||
==Contents== | ==Contents== | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 1|Salamanders and Their Brains]] | |||
## The salamanders | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 1| | ## The scope of this inquiry | ||
## The plan of this book | |||
The salamanders | ## Sources and material | ||
this book | ## Development of the brain | ||
## The evolution of brains | |||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 2|The Form and Subdivisions of the Brain]] | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 2| | ## Gross structure | ||
## Ventricles | |||
Gross structure | ## Meninges, chorioid plexuses, and blood vessels | ||
and blood vessels | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 3|Histological Structure]] | ||
## General histology | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 3| | ## The neuropil | ||
## The ventrolateral peduncular neuropil | |||
General histology | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 4|Regional Analysis]] | ||
peduncular neuropil | ## The subdivisions, spinal cord to pallium | ||
## The commissures | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 4| | ## Conclusion | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 5|Functional Analysis, Central and Peripheral]] | |||
The subdivisions, spinal cord to pallium | ## The longitudinal zones | ||
## The sensory zone | |||
## The motor zone | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 5| | ## The intermediate zone | ||
## The functional systems | |||
The longitudinal zones | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 6|Physiological Interpretations]] | ||
## Apparatus of analysis and synthesis | |||
## The stimulus-response formula | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 6| | ## Reflex and inhibition | ||
## Principles of localization of function | |||
Apparatus of analysis and synthesis | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 5|The Origin and Significance of Cerebral Cortex]] | ||
## The problem | |||
of function | ## Morphogenesis of the cerebral hemispheres | ||
## The cortex | |||
## Physiology and psychology | |||
The problem | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 8|General Principles of Morphogenesis]] | ||
## Morphogenic agencies | |||
## Morphological landmarks | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander | ## The future of morphology | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 9|Spinal Cord and Bulbo-spinal Junction]] | |||
Morphogenic agencies | ## The spinal cord and its nerves | ||
future of morphology | ## The bulbo-spinal junction | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 10|Cranial Nerves]] | |||
## Development | |||
## Survey of the functional systems | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 9| | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 11|Medulla Oblongata]] | ||
## Sensory zone | |||
The spinal cord and its nerves | ## Intermediate zone | ||
## Motor zone | |||
## Fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 10| | ## The lemniscus systems | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 12|Cerebellum]] | |||
## Brachium conjunctivum | |||
## The cerebellar commissures | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 11| | ## Proprioceptive functions of the cerebellum | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 13|Isthmus]] | |||
Sensory zone | ## Development | ||
Fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata | ## Sensory zone | ||
## Intermediate zone | |||
## Motor zone | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 12| | ## White substance | ||
## Isthmic neuropil | |||
Brachium conjunctivum | ## Physiological interpretation | ||
Proprioceptive functions of the cerebellum | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 14|Interpeduncular Nucleus]] | ||
## Comparative anatomy | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 13| | ## Histological structure | ||
## Afferent connections | |||
## Efferent connections | |||
## Interpretation | |||
## Conclusion | |||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 15|Midbrain]] | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 14| | ## Development | ||
## Sensory zone | |||
Comparative anatomy | ## Intermediate zone | ||
Afferent connections | ## Motor zone | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 16|Optic and Visual-motor Systems]] | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 15| | ## Optic nerve and tracts | ||
## Tectum opticum | |||
## Tectooculomotor connections | |||
## Visual functions | |||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 17|Diencephalon]] | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 16| | ## General features | ||
## Development | |||
Optic nerve and tracts | ## Epithalamus | ||
## Dorsal thalamus | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 17| | ## Ventral thalamus | ||
## Hypothalamus | |||
General features | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 18|The Habenula and Its Connections]] | ||
Dorsal thalamus | ## The di-telencephalic junction | ||
## Fornix | |||
## Stria terminalis | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 18| | ## Stria medullaris thalami | ||
## Fasciculus retroflexus | |||
The di-telencephalic junction | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 19|The Cerebral Hemispheres]] | ||
## Subdivisions of the hemisphere | |||
## The olfactory system | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 19| | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 20|XX. The Systems of Fibers]] | ||
## The basal forebrain bundles | |||
Subdivisions of the hemisphere | ## The tegmental fascicles | ||
## Fasciculus tegmentalis profundus | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 20|XX. The Systems of Fibers]] | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 21|The Commissures]] | ||
## General considerations | |||
The basal forebrain bundles | ## The dorsal commissures | ||
Fasciculus tegmentalis profundus | ## The ventral commissures | ||
# [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 22|Bibliography]] | |||
[[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 21| | # [[Book - The brain of the tiger salamander 23|Illustrations]] | ||
## Abbreviations for All Figures | |||
General considerations | |||
ventral commissures | |||
Bibliography | |||
Illustrations | |||
Abbreviations for All Figures | |||
{{Herrick1948 footer}} |
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Herrick CJ. The Brain of the Tiger Salamander (1948) The University Of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
Online Editor |
---|
This historic 1948 book by Herrick describes the development of the lizard, tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum).
|
Part I. General Description and Interpretation 1. Salamander Brains | 2. Form and Brain Subdivisions | 3. Histological Structure | 4. Regional Analysis | 5. Functional Analysis, Central and Peripheral | 6. Physiological Interpretations | VII. The Origin and Significance of Cerebral Cortex | VIII. General Principles of Morphogenesis Part 2. Survey of Internal Structure 9. Spinal Cord and Bulbo-spinal Junction | 10. Cranial Nerves | 11. Medulla Oblongata | 12. Cerebellum | 13. Isthmus | 14. Interpeduncular Nucleus | 15. Midbrain | 16. Optic and Visual-motor Systems | 17. Diencephalon | 18. Habenula and Connections | 19. Cerebral Hemispheres | 20. Systems of Fibers | 21. Commissures | Bibliography | Illustrations | salamander
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
---|
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
The Brain of the Tiger Salamander
Ambystoma tigrinum
By
C. Judson Herrick
Professor Emeritus of Neurology The University of Chicago
The University Of Chicago Press Chicago • Illinois
Preface
This work reports the results of a search, extending over fifty years, for the fundamental plan of the vertebrate nervous system as revealed in generalized form in the amphibians. In these small brains we find a simplified arrangement of nerve cells and fibers with a pattern of structural organization, the main features of which are common to all vertebrates. From this primitive and relatively unspecialized web of tissue it is possible to follow the successive steps in progressive elaboration as the series of animals from salamanders to men is passed in review.
This is a record of personal observation, not a compilation of the
literature. It is presented in two parts, which differ in content and
method of treatment of the data.
The first part gives a general over-all view of the structure without
details, followed by physiological interpretation and discussion of
some general principles of embryologic and phylogenetic morphogenesis. This part, with the accompanying illustrations, can be
read independently of the histological details recorded in the second
part.
The second part presents the evidence upon which conclusions are
based, drawn from my own previously published descriptions, to
which references are given, together with considerable new material.
This part is designed for specialists in comparative neurology and as a
guide for physiological experiments. The second part supplements the
first, to which the reader must make frequent reference.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to many colleagues for generous
assistance and criticism, and particularly to Doctors Elizabeth C.
Crosby, Davenport Hooker, Olof Larsell, Gerhardt von Bonin,
Ernst Scharrer, and W. T. Dempster. In the preparation of the manuscript invaluable help was given by Miss Anna Seaburg.
I am indebted to Dr. Paul G. Roofe for permission to copy one of
his pictures, shown here as figure 86A. The American Museum of
Natural History, New York, generously furnished the two photographs, taken from life, shown at the bottom of the Frontispiece.
These are copyrighted by the Museum. One of them has been previously published by the Macmillan Company in Hegner's Parade of the Animal Kingdom (p. 289). The photograph of the midlarval
stage was kindly suppHed by Professor Sherman C. Bishop of the
University of Rochester. The upper figure is from G. K. Noble's
Biology of the Amphibia, courtesy of the McGraw-Hill Book Company (copyrighted, 1931). Figures 1, 2C, and 86-113 are reproductions of figures previously published by the author in the Journal of
Comparative Neurology and used here by courtesy of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, publishers of that Journal. The
other figures are originals prepared for this work.
Money for the prosecution of the work and for financing its publication was liberally supplied by the Dr. Wallace C. and Clara A. Abbott Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago.
Part I. General Description and Interpretation
Contents
- Salamanders and Their Brains
- The salamanders
- The scope of this inquiry
- The plan of this book
- Sources and material
- Development of the brain
- The evolution of brains
- The Form and Subdivisions of the Brain
- Gross structure
- Ventricles
- Meninges, chorioid plexuses, and blood vessels
- Histological Structure
- General histology
- The neuropil
- The ventrolateral peduncular neuropil
- Regional Analysis
- The subdivisions, spinal cord to pallium
- The commissures
- Conclusion
- Functional Analysis, Central and Peripheral
- The longitudinal zones
- The sensory zone
- The motor zone
- The intermediate zone
- The functional systems
- Physiological Interpretations
- Apparatus of analysis and synthesis
- The stimulus-response formula
- Reflex and inhibition
- Principles of localization of function
- The Origin and Significance of Cerebral Cortex
- The problem
- Morphogenesis of the cerebral hemispheres
- The cortex
- Physiology and psychology
- General Principles of Morphogenesis
- Morphogenic agencies
- Morphological landmarks
- The future of morphology
- Spinal Cord and Bulbo-spinal Junction
- The spinal cord and its nerves
- The bulbo-spinal junction
- Cranial Nerves
- Development
- Survey of the functional systems
- Medulla Oblongata
- Sensory zone
- Intermediate zone
- Motor zone
- Fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata
- The lemniscus systems
- Cerebellum
- Brachium conjunctivum
- The cerebellar commissures
- Proprioceptive functions of the cerebellum
- Isthmus
- Development
- Sensory zone
- Intermediate zone
- Motor zone
- White substance
- Isthmic neuropil
- Physiological interpretation
- Interpeduncular Nucleus
- Comparative anatomy
- Histological structure
- Afferent connections
- Efferent connections
- Interpretation
- Conclusion
- Midbrain
- Development
- Sensory zone
- Intermediate zone
- Motor zone
- Optic and Visual-motor Systems
- Optic nerve and tracts
- Tectum opticum
- Tectooculomotor connections
- Visual functions
- Diencephalon
- General features
- Development
- Epithalamus
- Dorsal thalamus
- Ventral thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- The Habenula and Its Connections
- The di-telencephalic junction
- Fornix
- Stria terminalis
- Stria medullaris thalami
- Fasciculus retroflexus
- The Cerebral Hemispheres
- Subdivisions of the hemisphere
- The olfactory system
- XX. The Systems of Fibers
- The basal forebrain bundles
- The tegmental fascicles
- Fasciculus tegmentalis profundus
- The Commissures
- General considerations
- The dorsal commissures
- The ventral commissures
- Bibliography
- Illustrations
- Abbreviations for All Figures
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
---|
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Part I. General Description and Interpretation 1. Salamander Brains | 2. Form and Brain Subdivisions | 3. Histological Structure | 4. Regional Analysis | 5. Functional Analysis, Central and Peripheral | 6. Physiological Interpretations | VII. The Origin and Significance of Cerebral Cortex | VIII. General Principles of Morphogenesis Part 2. Survey of Internal Structure 9. Spinal Cord and Bulbo-spinal Junction | 10. Cranial Nerves | 11. Medulla Oblongata | 12. Cerebellum | 13. Isthmus | 14. Interpeduncular Nucleus | 15. Midbrain | 16. Optic and Visual-motor Systems | 17. Diencephalon | 18. Habenula and Connections | 19. Cerebral Hemispheres | 20. Systems of Fibers | 21. Commissures | Bibliography | Illustrations | salamander
Reference
Herrick CJ. The Brain of the Tiger Salamander (1948) The University Of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Book - The brain of the tiger salamander. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book_-_The_brain_of_the_tiger_salamander
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G