https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&feed=atom&action=historyBook - Text-Book of Embryology 16 - Revision history2024-03-28T17:37:46ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=421417&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 01:07, 25 January 20242024-01-25T01:07:09Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:07, 25 January 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Dermis===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Dermis===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the first month the dermis is represented by closely arranged, spindle-shaped mesenchymal (mesodermal) cells underlying the epidermis, and is separated from the latter by a delicate basement membrane. This mesenchymal tissue gives rise to fibrous connective tissue which, about the third month, becomes differentiated into two layers the dermis proper and the deeper subcutaneous tissue. The papillae develop as little projections of the dermis which grow into the stratum germinativum of the epidermis. In some of these, many blood vessels appear, while in others nerve endings (tactile corpuscles of Meissner) develop, thus giving rise to vascular and nerve papillae. Usually a considerable amount of fat develops in the subcutaneous tissue. Some of the mesencnymal cells of the dermis are transformed into smooth muscle cells which are found in connection with the hairs (arrectores pilorum) , in the scrotum (tunica dartos) , and in the nipples. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the first month the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{</ins>dermis<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>is represented by closely arranged, spindle-shaped mesenchymal (mesodermal) cells underlying the epidermis, and is separated from the latter by a delicate basement membrane. This mesenchymal tissue gives rise to fibrous connective tissue which, about the third month, becomes differentiated into two layers the dermis proper and the deeper subcutaneous tissue. The papillae develop as little projections of the dermis which grow into the stratum germinativum of the epidermis. In some of these, many blood vessels appear, while in others nerve endings (tactile corpuscles of Meissner) develop, thus giving rise to vascular and nerve papillae. Usually a considerable amount of fat develops in the subcutaneous tissue. Some of the mesencnymal cells of the dermis are transformed into smooth muscle cells which are found in connection with the hairs (arrectores pilorum) , in the scrotum (tunica dartos) , and in the nipples. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div id="Fig353"></div></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div id="Fig353"></div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even in the female, as stated before, acini are scarcely demonstrable until pregnancy. The mamma consists mostly of connective tissue and fat, with scattered groups of duct-like tubules. During pregnancy the tubules give rise to the acini by a process of evagination, the cells increasing in number by mitosis. Toward the end of pregnancy each excretory duct and its smaller ducts and acini form a distinct lobe with a relatively small amount of connective tissue. The epithelium is low or cuboidal, and fat begins to accumulate, in the seventh or eighth month, as droplets in the basal parts of the cells. The droplets increase in number and in size, approaching the inner end of the cell, until finally the cell is practically filled. At the beginning of lactation the fat escapes into the lumen of the acinus, leaving a bit of ragged cytoplasm with a nucleus. This regenerates into a cell capable of further activity; and it is probable that the same cell may become filled with fat and discharge its contents several times during lactation. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even in the female, as stated before, acini are scarcely demonstrable until pregnancy. The mamma consists mostly of connective tissue and fat, with scattered groups of duct-like tubules. During pregnancy the tubules give rise to the acini by a process of evagination, the cells increasing in number by mitosis. Toward the end of pregnancy each excretory duct and its smaller ducts and acini form a distinct lobe with a relatively small amount of connective tissue. The epithelium is low or cuboidal, and fat begins to accumulate, in the seventh or eighth month, as droplets in the basal parts of the cells. The droplets increase in number and in size, approaching the inner end of the cell, until finally the cell is practically filled. At the beginning of lactation the fat escapes into the lumen of the acinus, leaving a bit of ragged cytoplasm with a nucleus. This regenerates into a cell capable of further activity; and it is probable that the same cell may become filled with fat and discharge its contents several times during lactation. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div id="Fig357"></div></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div id="Fig357"></div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BONNET, R. : Die Mammarorgane im Lichte der Ontogenie und Phylogenie. Ergebnisse d. Anat. u. Entwick., Bd. II, 1892; Bd. VII, 1898. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BONNET, R. : Die Mammarorgane im Lichte der Ontogenie und Phylogenie. Ergebnisse d. Anat. u. Entwick., Bd. II, 1892; Bd. VII, 1898. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KALLIUS, E. : Ein Fall von Milchleiste bei einem menschlichen Embryo. Anat. Hefte, Bd. VIII, 1897. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KALLIUS, E. : Ein Fall von Milchleiste bei einem menschlichen Embryo. Anat. Hefte, Bd. VIII, 1897.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">KEIBEL, F., and MALL, F. P.: [[Book_</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">_Manual_of_Human_Embryology|Manual of Human Embryology]], Vol. I, 1910. </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Ref</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">KeibelMall1910}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KRAUSE, W.: Die Entwickelung der Haut und ihrer Nebenorgane. In Hertwig's Handbuch d. vergleich. u. experiment. Entwick elungslehre der Wirbeltiere, Bd. II, Teil I, 1902. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KRAUSE, W.: Die Entwickelung der Haut und ihrer Nebenorgane. In Hertwig's Handbuch d. vergleich. u. experiment. Entwick elungslehre der Wirbeltiere, Bd. II, Teil I, 1902. </div></td></tr>
</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=374955&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 03:55, 30 March 20192019-03-30T03:55:28Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:55, 30 March 2019</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The Nails==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The Nails==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nails </del>are derivatives of the epidermal layer of the ectoderm, and correspond morphologically to the claws and hoofs of lower animals. The epidermis on the end of each finger and toe forms a thickening, known as the primitive nail, which is encircled by a faint groove (Zander). This occurs about the ninth week. Later the nail area migrates to the dorsal side of the digit and becomes somewhat sunken below the surface of the surrounding epithelium (Fig. 353). These observations have led to the conclusion that primarily the nails in man occupied positions on the ends of the digits, corresponding to the positions of the claws in lower forms. Furthermore, the fact that the nails (or their anlagen) are at first situated on the ends of the digits and subsequently migrate dorsally would exolain the innervation of the nail region by the palmar (and plantar) nerves. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{nail}}s </ins>are derivatives of the epidermal layer of the ectoderm, and correspond morphologically to the claws and hoofs of lower animals. The epidermis on the end of each finger and toe forms a thickening, known as the primitive nail, which is encircled by a faint groove (Zander). This occurs about the ninth week. Later the nail area migrates to the dorsal side of the digit and becomes somewhat sunken below the surface of the surrounding epithelium (Fig. 353). These observations have led to the conclusion that primarily the nails in man occupied positions on the ends of the digits, corresponding to the positions of the claws in lower forms. Furthermore, the fact that the nails (or their anlagen) are at first situated on the ends of the digits and subsequently migrate dorsally would exolain the innervation of the nail region by the palmar (and plantar) nerves. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div id="Fig354"></div></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div id="Fig354"></div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The Hair==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The Hair==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hairs</del>, like the nails, are derivatives of the epidermal layer of the ectoderm. In embryos of about three months, local thickenings of the epidermis appear (beginning in the region of the forehead and eye-brows) and grow obliquely into the underlying dermis in the form of solid buds the hair germs (Fig. 355, I, II). As the buds continue to elongate they become club-shaped and the epithelium at the end of each molds itself over a little portion of the dermis in which the cells have become more numerous and which is known as the hair papilla (Fig. 354). </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{hair}}s</ins>, like the nails, are derivatives of the epidermal layer of the ectoderm. In embryos of about three months, local thickenings of the epidermis appear (beginning in the region of the forehead and eye-brows) and grow obliquely into the underlying dermis in the form of solid buds the hair germs (Fig. 355, I, II). As the buds continue to elongate they become club-shaped and the epithelium at the end of each molds itself over a little portion of the dermis in which the cells have become more numerous and which is known as the hair papilla (Fig. 354). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the epidermal bud grows deeper, its central cells become spindle-shaped and undergo keratinization to form the beginning of the hair shaft; the peripheral layers constitute the anlage of the root sheath (Fig. 355, III, IV). The hair shaft grows from its basal end, new keratinized cells being added from the epithelium nearest the papilla as the older cells are pushed toward the surface of the skin. The surface cells of the hair shaft become flattened to form the cuticle of the hair (Fig. 355, V). The hairs appear above the surface about the fifth month. Of the cells of the root sheath, those nearest the hair become scale-like to form the cuticle of the root sheath; the next few layers become modified (keratinized) to form Huxley's and Henle's layers. Outside of these is the stratum germinativum, the basal layer of which is composed of columnar cells resting upon a distinct basement membrane. The stratum germinativum is continued over the tip of the papilla, where its cells give rise to new cells for the hair shaft (Fig. 355, V). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the epidermal bud grows deeper, its central cells become spindle-shaped and undergo keratinization to form the beginning of the hair shaft; the peripheral layers constitute the anlage of the root sheath (Fig. 355, III, IV). The hair shaft grows from its basal end, new keratinized cells being added from the epithelium nearest the papilla as the older cells are pushed toward the surface of the skin. The surface cells of the hair shaft become flattened to form the cuticle of the hair (Fig. 355, V). The hairs appear above the surface about the fifth month. Of the cells of the root sheath, those nearest the hair become scale-like to form the cuticle of the root sheath; the next few layers become modified (keratinized) to form Huxley's and Henle's layers. Outside of these is the stratum germinativum, the basal layer of which is composed of columnar cells resting upon a distinct basement membrane. The stratum germinativum is continued over the tip of the papilla, where its cells give rise to new cells for the hair shaft (Fig. 355, V). </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Vernix Caseosa===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Vernix Caseosa===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>During foetal life<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">' </del>the secretion of the sebaceous glands becomes mingled with the cast-off epitrichial and epidermal cells to form the whitish oleaginous substance (sometimes called the smegma embryonum) that covers the skin of the new-born child. It is collected especially in the axilla, groin and folds of the neck. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>During foetal life the secretion of the sebaceous glands becomes mingled with the cast-off epitrichial and epidermal cells to form the whitish oleaginous substance (sometimes called the smegma embryonum) that covers the skin of the new-born child. It is collected especially in the axilla, groin and folds of the neck. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Mammary Glands===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Mammary Glands===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In embryos of six to seven mm<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del>, or even less, a thickening of the epidermis occurs in a narrow zone along the ventro-lateral surface of the body (Strahl). In embryos of 15 mm<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>this thickening, known as the milk ridge, extends from the upper extremity to the inguinal region (Kallius, Schmidt). Later the caudal end of the ridge disappears, while the cephalic portion becomes more prominent. The further history of the ridge has not been traced, but in embryos considerably older the anlage of each gland is a circular thickening of the epidermis in the thoracic region, projecting into the underlying dermis. It seems most probable that this local thickening represents a portion of the original ridge, the remainder having disappeared. Later the central cells of the epidermal mass become cornified and are cast off, leaving a depression in the skin (Fig. 356). In embryos of 250 mm<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>a number of solid secondary buds have grown out (Fig. 357). These resemble the anlagen of the sweat glands, to which they are generally considered as closely allied (Hertwig, Wiedersheim and others), and represent the excretory ducts. Continued evaginations from the terminal parts of the excretory ducts form the lobular ducts and acini. The acini, however, are scarcely demonstrable in the male, and not even in the female until pregnancy. Lumina appear by a separation and breaking down of the central cells of the ducts and acini, the peripheral cells remaining as their lining. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In embryos of six to seven mm, or even less, a thickening of the epidermis occurs in a narrow zone along the ventro-lateral surface of the body (Strahl). In embryos of 15 mm this thickening, known as the milk ridge, extends from the upper extremity to the inguinal region (Kallius, Schmidt). Later the caudal end of the ridge disappears, while the cephalic portion becomes more prominent. The further history of the ridge has not been traced, but in embryos considerably older the anlage of each gland is a circular thickening of the epidermis in the thoracic region, projecting into the underlying dermis. It seems most probable that this local thickening represents a portion of the original ridge, the remainder having disappeared. Later the central cells of the epidermal mass become cornified and are cast off, leaving a depression in the skin (Fig. 356). In embryos of 250 mm a number of solid secondary buds have grown out (Fig. 357). These resemble the anlagen of the sweat glands, to which they are generally considered as closely allied (Hertwig, Wiedersheim and others), and represent the excretory ducts. Continued evaginations from the terminal parts of the excretory ducts form the lobular ducts and acini. The acini, however, are scarcely demonstrable in the male, and not even in the female until pregnancy. Lumina appear by a separation and breaking down of the central cells of the ducts and acini, the peripheral cells remaining as their lining. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=253908&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 23:49, 24 October 20162016-10-24T23:49:28Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:49, 25 October 2016</td>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=253906&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 23:49, 24 October 20162016-10-24T23:49:12Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:49, 25 October 2016</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| The links below are to both current and historic notes on [[Integumentary System Development]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|50px|left]] </ins>The links below are to both current and historic notes on [[Integumentary System Development]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Integumentary Links}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Integumentary Links}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=253890&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 23:45, 24 October 20162016-10-24T23:45:25Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:45, 25 October 2016</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Bailey 1921}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Bailey 1921}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">development </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">integumentary system </del>=</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{| class</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">! Online Editor - Integumentary&nbsp;</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">| </ins>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">links below are to both current and historic notes on [[Integumentary System Development]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Integumentary Links}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=The Development </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Integumentary System </ins>=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The integument consists of the skin and certain accessory structures. The skin is composed of the dermis (or corium) and the epidermis. The accessory structures comprise the hairs, nails, sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands. The epidermis (or epithelial layer) and all the accessory structures are derived from the ectoderm; the dermis is mesodermal in its origin. Other appendages of the skin such as scales, feathers, claws, hoofs, and horns which are found only in the lower animals, are ectodermal derivatives and belong in the same class as the accessory structures in man. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The integument consists of the skin and certain accessory structures. The skin is composed of the dermis (or corium) and the epidermis. The accessory structures comprise the hairs, nails, sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands. The epidermis (or epithelial layer) and all the accessory structures are derived from the ectoderm; the dermis is mesodermal in its origin. Other appendages of the skin such as scales, feathers, claws, hoofs, and horns which are found only in the lower animals, are ectodermal derivatives and belong in the same class as the accessory structures in man. </div></td></tr>
</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=176363&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 11:29, 14 March 20152015-03-14T11:29:51Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=The development of the integumentary system =</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=The development of the integumentary system =</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KEIBEL, F., and MALL, F. P.: Manual of Human Embryology, Vol. I, 1910. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KEIBEL, F., and MALL, F. P.: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Book_-_Manual_of_Human_Embryology|</ins>Manual of Human Embryology<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, Vol. I, 1910. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=176361&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 11:27, 14 March 20152015-03-14T11:27:44Z<p></p>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=72881&oldid=prevS8600021: /* The Mammary Glands */2011-09-28T14:16:16Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The Mammary Glands</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In embryos of six to seven mm., or even less, a thickening of the epidermis occurs in a narrow zone along the ventro-lateral surface of the body (Strahl). In embryos of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 5 </del>mm. this thickening, known as the milk ridge, extends from the upper extremity to the inguinal region (Kallius, Schmidt). Later the caudal end of the ridge disappears, while the cephalic portion becomes more prominent. The further history of the ridge has not been traced, but in embryos considerably older the anlage of each gland is a circular thickening of the epidermis in the thoracic region, projecting into the underlying dermis. It seems most probable that this local thickening represents a portion of the original ridge, the remainder having disappeared. Later the central cells of the epidermal mass become cornified and are cast off, leaving a depression in the skin (Fig. 356). In embryos of 250 mm. a number of solid secondary buds have grown out (Fig. 357). These resemble the anlagen of the sweat glands, to which they are generally considered as closely allied (Hertwig, Wiedersheim and others), and represent the excretory ducts. Continued evaginations from the terminal parts of the excretory ducts form the lobular ducts and acini. The acini, however, are scarcely demonstrable in the male, and not even in the female until pregnancy. Lumina appear by a separation and breaking down of the central cells of the ducts and acini, the peripheral cells remaining as their lining. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In embryos of six to seven mm., or even less, a thickening of the epidermis occurs in a narrow zone along the ventro-lateral surface of the body (Strahl). In embryos of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">15 </ins>mm. this thickening, known as the milk ridge, extends from the upper extremity to the inguinal region (Kallius, Schmidt). Later the caudal end of the ridge disappears, while the cephalic portion becomes more prominent. The further history of the ridge has not been traced, but in embryos considerably older the anlage of each gland is a circular thickening of the epidermis in the thoracic region, projecting into the underlying dermis. It seems most probable that this local thickening represents a portion of the original ridge, the remainder having disappeared. Later the central cells of the epidermal mass become cornified and are cast off, leaving a depression in the skin (Fig. 356). In embryos of 250 mm. a number of solid secondary buds have grown out (Fig. 357). These resemble the anlagen of the sweat glands, to which they are generally considered as closely allied (Hertwig, Wiedersheim and others), and represent the excretory ducts. Continued evaginations from the terminal parts of the excretory ducts form the lobular ducts and acini. The acini, however, are scarcely demonstrable in the male, and not even in the female until pregnancy. Lumina appear by a separation and breaking down of the central cells of the ducts and acini, the peripheral cells remaining as their lining. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Late in foetal life, or sometimes after birth, the original depressed gland area becomes elevated above the surface to form the nipple. The excretory ducts (15 to 20 in number) which at first opened into the depression, thus come to open on the surface of the nipple. In the area around the nipple the areola numerous sudoriferous and sebaceous glands develop, some of which come to open into the lacteal ducts. Sometimes rudimentary hairs appear. Other glands known as areolar glands (of Montgomery) resembling rudimentary mammary glands also develop from the epidermis of the areola. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Late in foetal life, or sometimes after birth, the original depressed gland area becomes elevated above the surface to form the nipple. The excretory ducts (15 to 20 in number) which at first opened into the depression, thus come to open on the surface of the nipple. In the area around the nipple the areola numerous sudoriferous and sebaceous glands develop, some of which come to open into the lacteal ducts. Sometimes rudimentary hairs appear. Other glands known as areolar glands (of Montgomery) resembling rudimentary mammary glands also develop from the epidermis of the areola. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After birth the mammary glands continue to grow slowly in both sexes up to the time of puberty. After this they cease to grow in the male, and then atrophy. In the female, growth of the glandular elements goes on, but very slowly, and usually a considerable amount of fat develops in the surrounding tissue, causing the enlargement of the breasts. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After birth the mammary glands continue to grow slowly in both sexes up to the time of puberty. After this they cease to grow in the male, and then atrophy. In the female, growth of the glandular elements goes on, but very slowly, and usually a considerable amount of fat develops in the surrounding tissue, causing the enlargement of the breasts.</div></td></tr>
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</table>S8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=72879&oldid=prevS8600021: /* Anomalies of the Epidermal Derivatives */2011-09-28T14:14:33Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anomalies of the Epidermal Derivatives</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Occasionally hair develops in profusion over areas of the skin that naturally possess only a fine, silky growth, such, for example, as a woman's face. Or nearly the entire body may be covered by an unusual amount of hair. Such conditions known as hypertrichosis possibly represent the persistence and continued growth of the lanugo (p. 410) and in this sense are to be regarded as the result of arrested development (Unna, Brandt). Congenital absence of the hair (hypotrichosis, alopecia) is a rare anomaly and is usually accompanied by defective development of the teeth and nails. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Occasionally hair develops in profusion over areas of the skin that naturally possess only a fine, silky growth, such, for example, as a woman's face. Or nearly the entire body may be covered by an unusual amount of hair. Such conditions known as hypertrichosis possibly represent the persistence and continued growth of the lanugo (p. 410) and in this sense are to be regarded as the result of arrested development (Unna, Brandt). Congenital absence of the hair (hypotrichosis, alopecia) is a rare anomaly and is usually accompanied by defective development of the teeth and nails. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sebaceous cysts, generally regarded as due to accumulation of secretion in the sebaceous glands, sometimes probably represent remnants of displaced pieces of epidermis apart from the hairs (Chiari) . </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sebaceous cysts, generally regarded as due to accumulation of secretion in the sebaceous glands, sometimes probably represent remnants of displaced pieces of epidermis apart from the hairs (Chiari). </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Supernumerary mammary glands (hypermastid) and nipples (hyperthelia<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>are not infrequently present in both males and females. They are usually situated below the normal mammae (rarely in the axillary region), in a line drawn from the axilla to the groin, and probably represent persistent and abnormally <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">de\ veloped </del>portions of the milk ridge (see p. 412). In very rare cases a supernumerary gland develops in some other region (even on the thigh). If the mammary glands are morphologically allied to the sweat glands (p. 413), these misplaced mammae are suggestive of anomalous development of some of the sweat gland anlagen. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Supernumerary mammary glands (hypermastid) and nipples (hyperthelia<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) </ins>are not infrequently present in both males and females. They are usually situated below the normal mammae (rarely in the axillary region), in a line drawn from the axilla to the groin, and probably represent persistent and abnormally <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">developed </ins>portions of the milk ridge (see p. 412). In very rare cases a supernumerary gland develops in some other region (even on the thigh). If the mammary glands are morphologically allied to the sweat glands (p. 413), these misplaced mammae are suggestive of anomalous development of some of the sweat gland anlagen. </div></td></tr>
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</table>S8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_16&diff=50472&oldid=prevS8600021 at 05:04, 6 March 20112011-03-06T05:04:59Z<p></p>
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