Book - Quain's Elements of Anatomy

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QUAIN'S

ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY


EDITED BY

WILLIAM SHARPEY, M.D, LL.D., F.R.S. L. & K,

EMERITUS PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON

ALLEN THOMSON. M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. L. & E,

PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY IN THE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

AND

EDWARD ALBERT SCHAFER

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON


IN TWO VOLUMES.


ILLUSTRATED BY UPWARDS OF 950 ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD.


VOL. II



NEW YORK WILLIAM WOOD AND CO., PUBLISHERS

27 GREAT JONES STREET

1878

Quains Elements of Anatomy 1878.jpg

Embryology or Development of the Foetus and its Organs

It is proposed to bring together in the present Section a short statement of the manner in which the parts of the body originate in the embryo, and acquire by development in the course of foetal life their complete form and structure. The collected facts bearing upon this subject constitute the department of anatomy known as Embryology, Embryological or Foetal Anatomy, or Foetal development, a knowledge of which is not only most interesting in itself, but is also of great importance for the elucidation of adult human anatomy and the whole science of Organic Morphology.


Although much attention has been given to the structure of the human foetus at different periods of its growth, yet the materials are still wanting for a detailed history of its early development ; accordingly it is necessary for further elucidation to have recourse to the information obtained by studying the process in animals. But this illustration from analogy is fully warranted by the general conformity in the plan of development which has been ascertained to prevail among the higher vertebrate animals, and by the agreement with this plan of the more important phenomena which it has been possible to observe in the human species. In what follows, therefore, while the main object will be to state the more important facts which have been ascertained as to the development of the human ovum and embryo, the history of the phenomena as they occur in birds and mammals will also be referred to in so far as it tends to throw light on human embryology.


About the Author and the Online Edition

Jones Quain (1796 – 1865) was an Irish anatomist and professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the University of London. His textbook "Elements of Anatomy" was first published in 1828.

Allen Thomson (1809 - 1884) was a Scottish anatomist and Regius Professor of Anatomy at the University of Glasgow.

From the online editor - Currently only the Embryology section of the textbook is made available here online. It is also at only an early edited version. Please note as always that this is a historic textbook, provided only as a background for understanding the history of embryology. Ffigures in this textbook have been used directly, or redrawn, in several other historic textbooks.

Many of the developmental concepts described here have subsequently been changed with current research in embryology.

Novice students should not use this information, but should read sections without the historic notation.



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Sharpey W. Thomson A. and Schafer E.A. Quain's Elements of Anatomy. (1878) William Wood and Co., New York.

Online Editor - Please note this text is at an early stage of editing and as yet no figures have been uploaded.

1878 Elements of Anatomy: The Ovum | The Blastoderm | Fetal Membranes | Placenta | Musculoskeletal | Neural | Gastrointesinal | Respiratory | Cardiovascular | Urogenital
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
Mark Hill.jpg
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

Table of Contents

The Ovum : its Maturation, Fecundation, and Segmentation

  • Formation of the Blastoderm
  • The Mature Ovarian Ovum
  • Distinction of the Germ
  • Disappearance of the Germinal Vesicle
  • Fecundation
  • Segmentation of the Yolk
  • In the Mammal's Ovum
  • In the Bird's Ovum

The Blastoderm : its Structure and Relation to the Development of the Embryo

  • Position and Extent
  • Trilaminar Structure
  • Relation of the Layers to Development
  • Discovery of the Blastodermic Elements
  • Short Outline of the more General Phenomena of Development of the Ovum
  • Distinction of Embryonic and Peripheral Phenomena
  • Intra-Embryonic Phenomena of Development
  • Axial Rudiment of the Embryo

Cerebro-Spinal Axis

  • The Notochord
  • Protovertebrae
  • Pleural Cleavage of the Lateral Parts of the Mesoblast

InFlection of the Walls of the Body of the Embryo

The Cerebro-Spinal Nervous Centre

The Nerves

Organs of the Senses

Vascular System

Alimentary Canal

Reproductive and Urinary Organs

The Limbs

Extra-Embryonic Phenomena of Development

Foetal Membranes

The Yolk-Sac

The Amnion

The Allantois : Urinaiy Vesicle

The Chorion

Villi of the Chorion

Endochorion or Vascular Layer of the Allantois

Uteiiogestation : Placentation

Incapsulation of the Ovum in the Decidua

Earliest Observed Human Ova

Formation of Decidua

Structure of the Placenta

Circulation of Blood in the Placenta

Further Consideration of the Structure of the Placenta

General Conclusion

Separation at Birth and Eestoration of the Mucous Membrane of the Uterus

Development of Particular Organs and Systems

The Skeleton and Organs of Voluntary Motion

Vertebral Column and Trunk Segmentation of the Protovertebrae

Formation of Vertebral Matrices

The Head

The Cranium

The Cranial Flexures

Formation of the Mouth and

Hypophysis Cerebri

Subcranial, Facial, or Pharyngeal Plates or Arches

Relations of Cranial Nerves

Origin and Formation of the Limbs

Development of the Muscles

Formation of the Joints

Development of the Organs OF the Nervous System

The Spinal Marrow

The Brain or Encephalon

General Phenomena of Development in Birds and Mammals

Fartlier Development of the Brain in Man and Mammals

Development of the Nerves

Development of the Eye

Development of the Nose

Development of the Alimentary Canal and Organs arising from the Hypoblast

Alimentary Canal

The Liver

The Pancreas

The Spleen, Lymphatic Glands, Thymus and Thyroid Glands

Development of the Lungs and Trachea Pleurae

Pulmonary Vessels

Development of the Heart and Blood-Vessels

Development of the Heart

Origin of the Heart

Division into single Auricle

Ventricle, and Arteria Bulb

Division of the Cavities

Ventricles

Division of the Auricles

Division of the Arterial Bulb

Formation of the Valves

Development of the Blood Vessels

The Principal Arteries : the Aorta

Aortic or Branchial Arches

Development of the Great Veins

Peculiarities of the Foetal Organs of Circulation

Course of the Blood in the Foetus

Changes in the Circulation at Birth

Development of the Genital and Urinary Organs

Primary Formation of the UroGenital System

Wolffian Bodies

First Origin of the Wolffian Bodies

Homologies of the Wolffian Body

The External Organs

Further History of the Developmentof the Uro-Genital Organs

The Urinary Bladder and Urachus

Genital Cord

Reproductive Organs

Reproductive Glands

The Testicle

The Ovary

The Genital Passages

The Female Passages

The Male Passages

The Descent of the Testicles

Type of Development and Abnormal Forms of the Genital Organs

Table of Corresponding Parts of Genito-Urinary Organs, and their Relation to Formative Rudiments



1878 Elements of Anatomy: The Ovum | The Blastoderm | Fetal Membranes | Placenta | Musculoskeletal | Neural | Gastrointesinal | Respiratory | Cardiovascular | Urogenital



Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
Mark Hill.jpg
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Book - Quain's Elements of Anatomy. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book_-_Quain%27s_Elements_of_Anatomy

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G