Book - Manual of Human Embryology II

Written by

Charles R, Bardeen, Madison, Wis.; Herbert M. Evans, Baltimore, Md.; Walter Felix, Zurich; Otto Grosser, Prague; Franz Keibel, Freiburg i. Br.; Frederic T. Lewis, Boston, Mass.; Warren H. Lewis, Baltimore, Md.; J. Playfair McMurrich, Toronto; Franklin P. Mall, Baltimore, Md. ; Charles S. Minot, Boston, Mass. ; Felix Pinkus, Berlin ; Florence R. Sabin, Baltimore, Md ; George L. Streeter, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Julius Tandler, Vienna; Emil Zuckerkandl, Vienna.

FRANZ KEIBEL and FRANKLIN P. MALL

IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME II

With 658 Illustrations

PHILADELPHIA & LONDON

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY

1912

Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company The Washington Square Press, Philadelphia, U. S. A.

Preface

The second volume of this Manual makes its appearance almost half a year later than the editors had hoped. Explanations of the delay are hardly necessary; they are self-evident in the case of a book in which a large number of authors participate. The delay would, however, have been greater had not Professor Tandler and Dr. Evans undertaken the sections on the development of the heart and of the blood-vessels, which had originally been placed in other hands. To these two collaborators the editors are under special obligations. The account of the development of the sense-organs, for which also other plans were made, had to be undertaken by one of the editors, Keibel, an arrangement which precluded the treatment of the subject entirely on the basis of personal observation. A number of the contributions to the volume have been completed for a considerable time (some for more than a year), and consequently it has been impossible to include in them all the references to the most recent literature (since the beginning of 1910).

The editors regret that this second volume has considerably exceeded the limits originally set for it. If it had been written by a single hand, a greater condensation would certainly have resulted in many chapters, but under the circumstances this has not been possible, notwithstanding the earnest endeavors of the editors.

On the whole, however, the editors feel that they have reason both to congratulate themselves on the completion of the work, which, in spite of many minor defects, is undoubtedly an important one, and to hope that it will give further impetus to the study of human embryology.

In conclusion the editors wish to express their heartiest thanks to all those who have assisted in the completion of the work, to the collaborators, to Professor J. P. McMurrich for the excellent translation of the chapters by Zuckerkandl, Keibel, Tandler, and Felix, and, above all, to the publishers S. Hirzel and the J. B. Lippincott Company. They have done everything in their power to make the work a success, and, especially, have made possible the illustration of the text by so many and such excellent figures.

Franz Keibel, Franklin P. Mall.

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Contents

CHAPTER XIV. By G. L. Streeter.

The Development of the Nervous System

• 1 . The Histogenesis of Nervous Tissue
• 2. The Development of the Central Nervous System
  • The Development of Central Nervous System during the First Month
  • The Central Nervous System at the End of the First Month
  • The Spinal Cord from the End of the First Month to the Completion of its Development
  • The Development of the Hindbrain from the End of the First Month
  • The Development of the Midbrain
  • The Development of the Diencephalon
  • The Development of the Telencephalon
• 3. The Peripheral Nervous System
  • The Spinal Nerves
  • The Cervical Plexus
  • The Nerves of the Arm and Leg
  • The Cerebral Nerves
  • The Nerves of the Special Sense Organs
  • The Somatic Motor Group
  • The Visceral Group
• 4. The Sympathetic Nervous System

CHAPTER XV. By E. Zuckerkandl.

The Development of the Chromaffin Organs and of the Suprarenal Bodies

• The Suprarenal Glands
• The Development of the Accessory Suprarenal Glands

CHAPTER XVI. By F. Keibel.

The Development of the Sense-Organs

• General Considerations
• The Touch Cells
• The Epibranchial Sense Organs
• The Gustatory Organ
• The Olfactory Organ
• The Development of the Eye
• The Development of the Ear

CHAPTER XVII. By O. Grosser, F. T. Lewis, and J. P. McMurrich.

The Development of the Digestive Tract and of the Organs of Respiration

• Introduction
• Early Development of the Entodermal Tract and the Formation of its Subdivisions
• The Mouth and Its Organs
• The Development Of The Oesophagus
• The Development of the Stomach
• The Development of the Small Intestine
• The Development of the Large Intestine
• The Development of the Liver
• Development of the Pancreas
• The Pharynx and its Derivatives
• The Development of the Respiratory Apparatus

CHAPTER XVIII. By C. S. Minot, H. M. Evans, J. Tandler, and F. R. Sabin.

The Development of the Blood, the Vascular System, and the Spleen

• Introduction
• The Origin of the Angioblast and the Development of the Blood
• The Development of the Heart
• The Development of the Vascular System
  • 1. General
  • 2. The Special Development of the Blood-vessels
  • A. Origin of the Blood-vascular System
  • B. Description of the Blood-vascular System in a Series of Human Embryos from the Youngest Stages up to a Length of 7 mm
  • C. The Arteries
  • D. The Development of the Veins

IV. The Development of the Lymphatic System 709

V. The Development of the Spleen 745

CHAPTER XIX. By W Felix.

The Development of the Urinogenital Organs

I. The Development of the Excretory Glands and their Ducts 753 Introduction 753 Differentiation of the Mesoderm 754 The Development of the Pronephros 759 The Urogenital Fold 783 The Mesonephros 796 The Development of the Metanephros 831 The Development of the Ureter, the Primitive Renal Pelvis, and the System of Collecting Tubules 833 The MetanephrogenieTiesue during the Development of the Collecting Tubules 842 The Development of the Uriniferous Tubules from the Metanephrogenic ' Tissue 846 The Definitive Renal Pelvis and the Reduction of the Collecting Tubules 859 The Formation of Cortex and Medulla — Medullar}- Rays — Papilla*. . . . 861 Relation between the Right and Left Kidney 863 Change of Position of the Kidney 863 Vessels of the Kidney 864 Capsule of the Kidney 86f) Later Development of the Ureter 8f>5 Malformations of the Kidney 867 The Phylogenetic Development of the Metanephros 867 The Function of the Mesonephros 868 Cloaca, Bladder, Urethra, and Urogenital Sinus 869 The Separation of the Bladder and the Urethra 878 Later Development of the Bladder 879 II. The Development of the Reproductive Glands and their Duct.- 881 Introduction 881 The Genital Cells 882 Development of the Indifferent Reproductive Glands 885 The Differentiation of the Reproductive Glands 890 Transformation of the Indifferent Reproductive Gland into the Testis. 891 Malformations of the Testis 897 "^^Transformation of the Reproductive Gland into the Ovary 897 Malformations of the Ovary 909 Development of the Blood-vessels of Both Reproductive Glands 909 Comparison of Testis and Ovary 910 '^-Development of the Female Ducts 911 ^Formation of the Utero- vaginal Canal 915 •^Formation of the Wall of the Utero-vaginal Canal 916 -^Development of the External Form of the Female Uterus 918 Development of the External Form of the Male Uterus 918 Formation of the Definite Wall of the Tubes 919 Transformation of the Tubar Portion of the Uterus and of the Utero-vaginal Canal into the Uterus and Vagina 919 Development of the Vagina 92 1 Development of the Uterine Wall 024 Development of the Musculature of the Vagina and Uterus 926 Growth of the Uterus in the Postfetal Period 928 Degeneration of the Tube and Utero-va^inal Canal in the Male Embryo 929 Inhibitions of the Development of the Uterus and Vagina 930 III. The Urogenital Union 937 The Further Differentiation in the Male Sex 937 Degeneration of the Urogenital Union and of the Primary Excretory Duct in the Female 939 The Ligaments of the Reproductive Glands 940 Development of the Ligamentum Ovarii Proprium, the Ligamentum Uteri Rotundum, and the Chorda Gubernaculi 942 IV. Development of the External Genitalia 947 The Indifferent Phallus 949 Sexual Differentiation Development of the Penis and Scrotum 951 Development of the Clitoris and of the Labia Majora and Minora .... 954 Homologies of the Male and Female External Genitalia 958 Further Development of the Urogenital Sinus 960 Malformations of the Urogenital Sinus 964 Glands of the Urogenital Sinus 965 Development of the Bulbo-Urethral (Cowper's) and the Vestibular (Bartholin's) Glands 966 Development of the Small Sinus Glands 967 Descensus Testiculorum , 967 Formation of the Saecus Vaginalis 969 Diagrammatic Representation of the Fate of the Mesonephros, Primary Kxcretory Duct, and Miillerian Duct in both Sexes 973

CHAPTER XX.By F. Keibel.

The Interdependence of the Various Developmental Processes

Subject Index

Index of Authors

Introduction

By FRANZ KEIBEL, Freiburg i. Br.

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Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages

Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

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