Book - Heredity and Sex (1913)
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Morgan TH. Heredity and Sex (1913) Columbia University Press, New York.
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Heredity and Sex
Columbia University Lectures
Professor Of Experimental Zoology in Columbia University
Columbia University Press (1913)
Introduction
Two lines of research have developed with surprising rapidity in recent years. Their development has been independent, but at many stages in their progress they have looked to each other for help. The study of the cell has furnished some fundamental facts connected with problems of heredity. The modern study of heredity has proven itself to be an instrument even more subtle in the analysis of the materials of the germ-cells than actual observations on the germcells themselves.
In the following chapters it has been my aim to point out, wherever possible, the bearing of cytological studies on heredity, and of the study of heredity on the analysis of the germinal materials.
The time has come, I think, when a failure to recognize the close bond between these two modern Hues of advance can no longer be interpreted as a wise or cautious skepticism. It seems to me to indicate rather a failure to appreciate what is being done at present, and what has been accomplished. It may not be desirable to accept everything that is new, but it is certainly undesirable to reject what is new because of its newness, or because one has failed to keep in touch with the times. An anarchistic spirit in science does not always mean greater profundity, nor is our attitude toward science more correct because we are unduly skeptical toward every advance. Our usefulness will, in the long run, be proven by whether or not we have been discriminating and sympathetic in our attitude toward the important discoveries of our time. While every one will probably admit such generalities, some of us may call those who accept less than ourselves conservatives ; others of us who accept more will be called rash or intemperate. To maintain the right balance is the hardest task we have to meet. In attempting to bring together, and to interpret, work that is still in the making I cannot hope to have always made the right choice, but I may hope at least for some indulgence from those who realize the difficulties, and who think with me that it may be worth while to make the attempt to point out to those who are not specialists what specialists are thinking about and doing.
What I most fear is that in thus attempting to formulate some of the difficult problems of present-day interest to zoologists I may appear to make at times unqualified statements in a dogmatic spirit. I beg to remind the reader and possible critic that the writer holds all conclusions in science relative, and subject to change, for change in science does not mean so much that what has gone before was wrong as the discovery of a better strategic position than the one last held.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter I The Evolution of Sex
- Reproduction, a Distinctive Feature of Living Things
- The "Meaning" of Sexual Reproduction
- The Body and the Germ-plasm
- The Early Isolation of the Germ-cells
- The Appearance of the Accessory Organ; Reproduction
- The Secondary Sexual Characters
- The Sexual Instincts
Chapter II The Mechanism of Sex-Determination
- The Maturation of the Egg and the Sperm
- The Cytological Evidence
- Protenor
- Lygseus f. Oncopeltus .
- Ascaris
- Aphids and Fhylloxerans
- The Experimental Evidence
- The Experiments on Sea-urchins' Eggs
- The Evidence from Sex-linked Inheritance
Chapter III The Mendelian Principles of Heredity and their Bearing on Sex
- Mendel's Discoveries
- The Heredity of One Pair of Characters
- The Heredity of a Sex-linked Character
- The Heredity of Two Pairs of Characters
- The Heredity of Two Sex-linked Characters
- A Theory of Linkage
- Three Sex-linked Factors
Chapter IV Secondary Sexual Characters and their Relation to Darwin's Theory of Sexual Selection
- The Occurrence of Secondary Sexual Characters in the Animal Kingdom
- Courtship
- Vigor and Secondary Sexual Characters
- Continuous Variation as a Basis for Selection
- Discontinuous Variation or Mutation as a Basis for Selection
Chapter V The Effects of Castration and of Transplantation on the Secondary Sexual Characters
- Operations on Mammals
- Operations on Birds
- Operations on Amphibia
- Internal Secretions
- Operations on Insects
- Parasitic Castration of Crustacea
Chapter VI Gynandromorphism, Hermaphroditism, Parthenogenesis, and Sex
- Gynandromorphism
- Hermaphroditism
- Parthenogenesis
- Artificial Parthenogenesis
- Inbreeding
- Cross-breeding
- Sexual Reproduction in Paramcecium
- Theories of Fertility
Chapter VIII Special Cases of Sex-Inheritance
- Sex in Bees
- A Sex-linked Lethal Factor
- Non-disjunction of the Sex-chromosomes
- The Vanishing Males of the Nematodes
- Sex-ratios in Hybrid Birds and in Crossed Races in Man
- Sex-ratios in Frogs
- Sex-ratios in Man
- The Abandoned View Determine Sex
- Sex-determination in Man
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| Heredity and Sex (1913): 1 Evolution of Sex | 2 Mechanism of Sex-Determination | 3 Mendelian Principles of Heredity and Bearing on Sex | 4 Secondary Sexual Characters Relation to Darwin's Theory of Sexual Selection | 5 Effects of Castration, Transplantation on Secondary Sexual Characters | 6 Gynandromorphism, Hermaphroditism, Parthenogenesis, and Sex | 7 Fertility | 8 Special Cases of Sex-Inheritance | Bibliography |
Morgan TH. Heredity and Sex (1913) Columbia University Press, New York.
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 19) Embryology Book - Heredity and Sex (1913). Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book_-_Heredity_and_Sex_(1913)
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
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