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Nelsen OE. Comparative embryology of the vertebrates (1953) Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, New York.

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Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates

by

Olin E. Nelsen, M.A., Ph.D.

Department of Zoology

University of Pennsylvania

With 2057 Drawings and Photographs, Grouped as 380 Illustrations

Preface

A study of the comparative embryology of a group of animals such as the vertebrates when followed to its logical conclusion leads to a consideration of the comparative anatomy of the group. Students claim, and justly so, that they learn best through the association of events, things, and concepts. As applied to the study of vertebrate embryology and anatomy, the principle of learning by association means this: observations upon the adult anatomy of the various organ-systems of a particular vertebrate species when correlated with the earlier stages of embryonic development of these systems lead to a more ready perception and understanding of structural principles and relationships involved. Furthermore, when the developmental anatomy and the adult anatomy of any one species is associated with similar phenomena in other species of the vertebrate group it naturally produces a clearer understanding of the development and morphology of the group as a whole. This broad, comprehensive approach is a fundamental one and it is a requirement for the furtherance of research in vertebrate biology, whether it be on the level of cellular chemistry or the physiology of organ-systems.

An endeavor to satisfy a demand for a comprehensive approach to vertebrate development by an extension of the descriptions of the earlier phases of the embryology of several representative vertebrate species into their final stages of development, and hence into the realm of comparative anatomy, is the main purpose of this book. This goal is the greatest defense which the author can give for his effort to assemble the material and data contained herein.

On the other hand, though the book correlates comparative vertebrate embryology with comparative vertebrate anatomy, its arrangement is such that the fundamental features of comparative vertebrate embryology readily can be divorced from the intricate phases of comparative anatomy. For example, Chaps. 1-11, 20, 21, and 22 are devoted to a consideration of basic embryological principles whereas Chaps. 12-20 treat particularly the relationships of comparative embryology and comparative anatomy. A proper selection of descriptive material in Chaps. 12-20 (which may be done readily by a survey of the outline heading each chapter) added to the basic embryological data affords a basis for a thorough course in comparative vertebrate embryology.

The selection of material suggested in the previous paragraph brings forth another motive for writing this text. It has been the author's habit — one common to many other teachers — never to give a course in exactly the same way two years in succession. This procedure enlivens a course and keeps successive groups of students out of the rut of looking forward to the same identical lectures and laboratory approach year after year. As a result, in reality this book is a compilation of the different aspects of embryology presented by the author over a period of years to classes in comparative vertebrate embryology. Consequently, by the use of certain chapters and the outlines at the headings of each chapter, various facets of embryology may be presented one year while other aspects are selected the following year, and so on. Moreover, a selective procedure allows the book to be used readily for short courses in embryology as well as longer courses. For example. Chaps. 3, 5-1 1 , and 20-22 may serve as the basis for a short course in vertebrate embryology.

Another feature of the text is the presentation of many illustrations well prepared. Illustrations are an important adjunct to the teaching of embryology. This is true especially where the teacher is burdened with the teaching of other courses and thus is handicapped by lack of time to make adequate blackboard drawings and illustrations of laboratory and lecture material. In Chaps. 3, 5-1 1, and 20-22, one finds illustrative material adequate to enable the student to gain an appreciation of the fundamental features of vertebrate development. Thus, this part of the book may be used extensively as a laboratory guide to the fundamental principles involved in vertebrate development.

A final aspect of the text may be mentioned, namely, the references given at the close of the chapters. References to literature are important especially in courses of embryology where small groups of students are assembled. Under these conditions the teacher often prefers to give the course on a seminar basis. With this approach, references are most valuable in the assignment of special reports and student lectures which the student later gives to the class as a whole.

Acknowledgments

The author expresses his great obligation to and appreciation for the superior artistic abilities, continual patience, and conscientious effort of Elisabeth R. Swain who executed the difficult task of preparing — with certain exceptions — the illustrations for this text. He also wishes to express his sincere thanks to Edna R. White and Julia A. Lloyd who contributed illustrations. These three artists were most exact in carrying out the author's instructions for illustrations, and also in transforming his preliminary sketches into finished drawings.

The author is indebted greatly to Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, for permission to redraw various illustrations from the journals published by the Wistar Institute. Appreciation similarly goes to the Carnegie Institution of Washington; The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.; Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore; University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Yale University Press, New Haven; Academic Press, Inc., New York; Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College; Oxford University Press, Inc., New York; Ginn and Co., Boston; W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia; McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York; Henry Holt and Co., Inc., New York; W. W. Norton and Co., Inc., New York; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York; J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia; The Macmillan Co., New York and London; Knopf, Inc., New York; Appleton-Century Co., Inc., New York; Sidgewick and Jackson, Ltd., London; Cambridge University Press, England; and Columbia University Press, New York.

To his colleagues in the Department of Zoology of the University of Pennsylvania the author owes a debt of appreciation for encouragement during the writing of the manuscript, especially to Dr. J. Percy Moore, Dr. D. H. Wenrich, and Dr. L. V. Heilbrunn. Acknowledgments and appreciation go to Mrs. Anna R. Whiting, also of the Department of Zoology, and to Dr. Miles D. McCarthy of the Harrison Department of Surgical Research of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School and the Department of Zoology, Pomona College, Claremont, California, who read much of the manuscript and offered valuable suggestions. Frances R. Houston, Librarian of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, and Elizabeth D. Thorp, Librarian of the Botany-Zoological Library of the University of Pennsylvania, deserve sincere thanks for cooperative understanding and help in securing and placing many periodicals at the author's disposal. Various students contributed clerical efforts toward the completion of this work, especially Barbara Neely Gilford, Carolyn Kerr, and Louise Mertz. Their endeavors are appreciated greatly.

Any attempt of the author to acknowledge obUgations would be incomplete, indeed, without mention of the extreme readiness to serve and cooperate on the part of Dr. James B. Lackey, then Science Editor of The Blakiston Co. (presently Research Professor, School of Engineering, University of Florida), and also to Irene Claire Moore, then Assistant Manuscript Editor (presently Book Editor, United Lutheran Publication House, Philadelphia), and to W. T. Shoener, Production Manager.

The Author

Autumn 1952

Philadelphia, Pa.

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 ==Acknowledgments==
-The author expresses his great obUgation to and appreciation for the superior artistic abilities, continual patience, and conscientious effort of Elisabeth R. Swain who executed the difficult task of preparing — with certain exceptions — the illustrations for this text. He also wishes to express his sincere thanks to Edna R. White and Julia A. Lloyd who contributed illustrations. These three artists were most exact in carrying out the author's instructions for illustrations, and also in transforming his preliminary sketches into finished drawings.
+The author expresses his great obligation to and appreciation for the superior artistic abilities, continual patience, and conscientious effort of Elisabeth R. Swain who executed the difficult task of preparing — with certain exceptions — the illustrations for this text. He also wishes to express his sincere thanks to Edna R. White and Julia A. Lloyd who contributed illustrations. These three artists were most exact in carrying out the author's instructions for illustrations, and also in transforming his preliminary sketches into finished drawings.
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 Autumn 1952
 Philadelphia, Pa.
 ==Contents==

Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 10:23, 25 October 2016

Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents